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Carbonyl compounds

Carbonyl compounds. “Class I” “Class II”. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Structure and Spectroscopy. Acid Derivatives. Nomenclature Acyl halides: alkanoyl halides Anhydrides: alkanoic anhydrides Esters: alkyl alkanoates Amides: N -alkyl (or N, N-dialkyl) alkanamides.

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Carbonyl compounds

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  1. Carbonyl compounds • “Class I” “Class II”

  2. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives • Structure and Spectroscopy

  3. Acid Derivatives • Nomenclature • Acyl halides: alkanoyl halides • Anhydrides: alkanoic anhydrides • Esters: alkyl alkanoates • Amides: N-alkyl (or N,N-dialkyl) alkanamides

  4. Mechanism for Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution

  5. Formation of acid chlorides

  6. Formation of acid chlorides

  7. Reactions of acid chlorides: • Acid anhydride formation

  8. Acid anhydride formation

  9. Reactions of acid chlorides and anhydrides: • Ester formation

  10. Ester formation

  11. Reactions of esters • Hydrolysis (acidic conditions)

  12. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters

  13. Reactions of esters • Saponification (hydrolysis under basic conditions)

  14. Reactions of esters • Saponification

  15. Reactions of acid chlorides and anhydrides: • Amide formation

  16. Amide formation

  17. Different types of amides • succinimide caprylolactam

  18. Reactions of amides • Hydrolysis - acid catalyzed

  19. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis

  20. Preparation of Acids • Hydrolysis of Nitriles

  21. Hydrolysis of Nitriles

  22. Mechanism for Hydrolysis of Nitriles

  23. Thioesters

  24. Thioesters and transesterification

  25. Thioesters and transesterification

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