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Carbonyl Compounds

Carbonyl Compounds. a. Compounds that contain the carbonyl group Aldehydes Ketones Carboxyllic Acids Esters. Aldehyde Nomenclature. 1. Name the compound, numbering so that the aldehyde group is #1. 2. Remove the “e” ending and add the “al” ending. Aldehyde Examples. Ex.1

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Carbonyl Compounds

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  1. Carbonyl Compounds

  2. a Compounds that contain the carbonyl group Aldehydes Ketones Carboxyllic Acids Esters

  3. Aldehyde Nomenclature • 1. Name the compound, numbering so that the aldehyde group is #1. • 2. Remove the “e” ending and add the “al” ending.

  4. Aldehyde Examples • Ex.1 • IUPAC Name: • (common name is formaldehyde) • Ex.2 • IUPAC Name: • (common name is acetaldehyde)

  5. Aldehyde Examples Cont. • Ex. 3 • Ex. 4

  6. Ketone Nomenclature • 1. Name the compound. • 2. Number the carbonyl carbon as low as possible. • 3. Remove the “e” and add the ending “one”.

  7. Ketone Examples • Ex. 1 • IUPAC Name: • (common name is acetone) • Ex.2

  8. Ketone Examples (cont) • Ex. 3

  9. Sometimes common names are retained in which the two alkyl groups are named, followed by the word “ketone” • Ex. 1

  10. More Ketone Examples • Ex.2 • Ex. 3 • Ex. 4

  11. Carboxylic Acids • Contain the carboxyl group; a combination of carbonyl and hydroxyl • Carboxylic acids are abundant in nature and many are known by their common names. • The common names were derived from either a Latin or Greek name that indicated the original source of the acid.

  12. Carboxylic Acid Nomenclature • 1. Name the alkyl group, numbering the carboxyl carbon as #1. • 2. Remove the “e” ending and add “oic acid”.

  13. Carboxylic Acid Examples • Ex. 1 • IUPAC Name: • (common name formic acid) • Ex. 2 • IUPAC Name: • (common name acetic acid)

  14. More Carboxylic Acid Examples • Ex. 3 • Ex. 4

  15. More Carboxylic Acid Examples • Ex. 5 • IUPAC Name: • (common name oxalic acid) • Ex.6 • IUPAC Name: • (common name salicylic acid)

  16. Esters Nomenclature • Derivatives of carboyxlic acids in which the OH group is replaced by an “O-R” group • 1. Name the “esterified” group (the group attached to the oxygen) first • 2. Name the parent acid • 3. Remove the “-ic acid” ending and add “-ate”

  17. Ester Examples • Ex. 1 • Ex. 2

  18. More Ester Examples • Ex. 3 • Ex. 4

  19. More Ester Examples • Ex. 5 • Ex. 6

  20. Esters are usually rather pleasant smelling substances which are responsible for the flavor and fragrance of many fruits & flavorings • Ex.; • Ethyl formate – artificial rum flavor • Octyl acetate – oranges • Pentyl butyrate – apricots • Pentyl acetate – bananas • Ethyl butyrate – pineapples • Methyl salicylate – oil of wintergreen

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