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FIREFIGHTER SAFETY AWARENESS

FIREFIGHTER SAFETY AWARENESS. DW Kerr November 2005 Point Pleasant Fire Company #1. MAJOR CAUSES OF FIREFIGHTER INJURY/DEATHS. Motor Vehicle Accidents - POVs/Apparatus Cardiovascular/Overexertion Lost & Disorientated In Fire Structures Flashovers/Backdraft/Structural Collapse

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FIREFIGHTER SAFETY AWARENESS

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  1. FIREFIGHTER SAFETYAWARENESS DW Kerr November 2005 Point Pleasant Fire Company #1

  2. MAJOR CAUSES OF FIREFIGHTER INJURY/DEATHS • Motor Vehicle Accidents - POVs/Apparatus • Cardiovascular/Overexertion • Lost & Disorientated In Fire Structures • Flashovers/Backdraft/Structural Collapse • Trauma – Falls/Lacerations/Burns • Infectious Disease Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  3. PERSONAL SAFETY YOUR RESPONSIBILITY • Observe Incident Command • Use Personal Protective Equipment (Turnouts/SCBAs/PASS device/Radio) • Comply with accountability • Stay with apparatus and crew • Observe procedures • Know your limits - 2 bottles – rehab • Have an exit plan • Think then act Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  4. INJURY & LIFE PREVENTION OPTIONS • Adopt Safety Culture • Safe driving/use of seat belts • Physical fitness/routine exams/eating/smoking • Personal protective equipment • Fire ground safety procedures • Immunizations & infection control Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  5. ADOPT A SAFETY CULTURE • Attitude • Awareness • Actions • Accountable Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  6. MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS • Speed • Driver and driving conditions • Seat belt usage • Backing-up – Use a spotter • Civilian vehicles at scene – • Not seen - be visible/have an escape route • Struck by - stay out of the way/block with apparatus • Apparatus – Too fast for GVW Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  7. HEALTH & LIFE PREVENTION • Routine Physical Exams • Lifestyles • Diet • Exercise • Smoking/alcohol • Immunizations/ vaccinations Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  8. PERSONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT • Turnout Gear - hoods • SCBA • PASS device • Buddy breathing connection • Radio – Distress button • Lighting • Tools • TI Camera • Rope/webbing/carbineer -TBD Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  9. LOST OR DISORIENTED IN FIRE STRUCTURE • Incident Command • Duration of burn • Signals upon arrival • Color of smoke • Thermal damage • Physical damage • Risk Management • Risk little to save little • Tactical • Staffing • Level of water/ventilation provided • Exits available – provided and created Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  10. RECOGNIZING POTENTIAL FLASHOVER • Def: All surfaces reaching their ignition temperature simultaneously Warning Signs: • Flames in overhead • Sudden increases in heat generation • Sudden lowering of the smoke layer Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  11. RECOGNIZING POTENTIAL BACKDRAFTS • Def: Fuel rich smoke with limited oxygen content Warning Signs: • Heavy smoke stained windows • Glass crazing • Puffing/pulsing smoke • Pressurized smoke • Black smoke becomes dense gray Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  12. STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE • Incident Command –duration of burn • Size-up – interior/exterior conditions/signs • Light weight construction- truss/masonry veneer walls/chimneys • Sound out floor/surfaces upon entry • Be aware of area capacity – standing water & personnel • Heavy suspended mechanical equipment • Fall-down zone – 1.75 X. Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  13. FIREGROUND SAFETY PROCEDURES • Incident Command • Accountability System • 2-in-2 out rule • Teams with radio • Teamwork - staying together or on apparatus • Use PPE/Turnout gear • Use SCBAs/PASS devices • Plan Escape routes - ladders/lighting • 2 bottle rule - rehab Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  14. ACCOUNTABILTY • 3 Tags • Helmet - apparatus • Coat – entry into hazardous area • Bunker pants – permanent identifier • Apparatus ring • Entry area ring • PAR – personnel accountability record • Safety/Accountability Officer • Used for all types of operations • Marine/technical rescue Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  15. LOST FIREFIGHTER ACTIONS • Stay calm – preserve air supply/ skip breathing/filtered • Stay with partner/crew • Activate PASS device • Monitor radio/Update Command • Initiate MAYDAY- activate distress button • Use hose line to follow back • Use flashlight to signal rescuers • Use tools to alert rescuers • Locate an exit – openings/exterior walls • Get to lower level– except for basement • Take defensive position/location Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  16. STANDARD SIDE DETERMINATIONS KNOW YOUR LOCATION!!! • A - Front/street side • B - left side – clockwise from A • C - rear side – clockwise from AB • D - right side - clockwise from ABC • 1,2,3… indicate levels above ground Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  17. LOCATING LOST FIREFIGHERS • RIT/FAST Assistance Required • Last known location • Tracing hose lines • Evidence of location described by the lost FF • Listen for audible sounds of FF (shouting/tapping)/PASS/SCBA alarm • Listen for portable radio messages • Flashlight beams • Planned searches Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  18. FIREFIGHTER RESCUE TECHNIQUES • HOSE LIFT • HANDCUFF LIFTS • SCBA HARNESS SLIDE/LIFT • WEBBING/CARABINEER ON SCBA • HIGH POINT LADDER RETRIEVAL • WALL BREACHING • WINDOW CUT-OUT Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  19. COMMUNCIATIONS PRIORITY VS. MAYDAY • Water supply problem Lost/disoriented • Important message Low or out of air • Impending collapse Structural Collapse • Change in fire conditions Rapid fire change Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  20. MAYDAY COMMUNICATIONS • YOUR IDENTIFICATION • YOUR PROBLEM • YOUR LOCATION Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  21. TRAUMA • Falls • Ladders – use spotters/tie off/leg locks • Apparatus – use steps & railings/get help • Cuts/lacerations • Gloves/boots • Crushing injuries • Beware of collapse zones • Stay away from under suspended loads Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  22. INFECTIOUS DISEASE • Blood/body fluids – Hand/eye protection • Plastic gloves under work gloves • Treatment of cuts/lacerations – seek physician atten • Wash hands after calls • Decontamination/discard soiled gear/equipment • Waterborne • Dry suits • No open wounds • Treatment of injuries • Immunizations • Decontaminate Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

  23. SUMMARY • FF is a team activity • All members must play as a team • Everyone has the accountability & responsibility for the well-being of self and other team members • Command must be observed • Procedures must be observed • PPE must be used Firefighter Safety Awareness - November 2005

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