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1.什么是信息抽取(IE) • 先从CLEF项目说起 • A Co-operative Clinical E-Science Framework (CLEF) • Funded by the UK Medical Research Council • Descriptive information: • Clinical histories • radiology reports • pathology reports • annotations on genomic and image databases • technical literature • Web based resources
Knowledgeenrichment Knowledgeenrichment Hazardmonitoring Hazardmonitoring Integrate &Aggregate Integrate &Aggregate PseudonymisedRepository PseudonymisedRepository ExtractInformation ExtractInformation Ethical oversightcommittee Ethical oversightcommittee Depersonalise Depersonalise Chronicle Chronicle PrivacyEnhancementTechnologies PrivacyEnhancementTechnologies Summarise & FormulateQueries Summarise & FormulateQueries Construct‘Chronicle’ Construct‘Chronicle’ Pseudonymise In Hospital Pseudonymise In Hospital Individual Summaries & Queries Individual Summaries & Queries Reidentify By Hospital Reidentify By Hospital CLEF Architecture Outline Data Access Cycle Data Acquisition Cycle
临床报告 ROYAL MARSDEN NHS TRUST - PATIENT CASE NOTE 324A621F:MRS Dorothy Smith DOB: 12/05/44 21, Park Crescent Basingstoke B12 Q13 16 Dec 1992 Seen in General Surgical This lady who has had a mastectomy and left open capsulotomy and removal of her prosthesis was seen by me in the clinic today on behalf of Mr Peterson. She has extensive bony lymphoedema in her left arm which does not seem to be getting any better although she is more or less reconciled to the problem. The original problem was that she complained of shooting pain in the direction of ulna nerve and although there does not seem to be any evidence of local, regional or distant recurrence the pain itself warrants management in a pain clinic. Mrs Smith could be seen in the pain clinic at the Marsden but as this would involve a lot of travelling would like to be treated nearer her home. I wonder whether it would be possible for you to investigate if there is a pain clinic available at Basingstoke as I am sure Dotty could be treated and benefit from its management. I have otherwise arranged for her to be seen in the clinic again in a year's time. There are no signs of recurrence at this time. Mr Thomas Partridge
General Surgical left open capsulotomy mastectomy removal of her prosthesis today bonylymphoedema left arm shooting pain in the direction of ulna nerve local, regional or distant pain recurrence pain clinic management pain clinic pain clinic management a year’s time clinic no signs of recurrence at this time 从文本中实现关键信息抽取 ##### ####### NHS TRUST - PATIENT CASE NOTE ########:######### ####### DOB: 1944 CLEF-RMH-Entry-Key: 52A4F6DB2B46E AB 1992 Seen in General Surgical This lady who has had a mastectomy and left open capsulotomy and removal of her prosthesis was seen by me in the clinic today on behalf of XXXXXXXXXXX. She has extensive bony lymphoedema in her left arm which does not seem to be getting any better although she is more or less reconciled to the problem. The original problem was that she complained of shooting pain in the direction of ulna nerve and although there does not seem to be any evidence of local, regional or distant recurrence the pain itself warrants management in a pain clinic. XXXXXXXXX could be seen in the pain clinic at the XXXXXXX but as this would involve a lot of travelling would like to be treated nearer her home. I wonder whether it would be possible for you to investigate if there is a pain clinic available at XXXXXXXXXXX as I am sure XXXXX could be treated and benefit from its management. I have otherwise arranged for her to be seen in the clinic again in a year's time. There are no signs of recurrence at this time. 5213A4F612F1 根据模版或相关的知识资源标识出重要的信息及其相关关系 Interventions Problems Problem Site Locations Time
left open capsulotomy General Surgical General Surgical management left open capsulotomy management mastectomy left open capsulotomy mastectomy mastectomy removal of her prosthesis removal of her prosthesis today removal of her prosthesis today bonylymphoedema no signs of recurrence bonylymphoedema bonylymphoedema left arm left arm pain shooting pain in the recurrence shooting pain in the direction of ulna nerve shooting pain in the direction of ulna nerve local, regional or distant direction of ulna nerve local, regional or distant pain recurrence pain local, regional or distant recurrence pain clinic management left arm pain clinic pain clinic pain clinic management General Surgical pain clinic pain clinic 放射报告、病理学报告，或 其它叙述性报告 pain clinic pain clinic pain clinic management clinic a year’s time today management clinic a year’s time a year’s time clinic no signs of recurrence no signs of recurrence at this time at this time at this time 来自于药品或实验中的信息 从文本中实现关键信息抽取 收集抽取出的信息… 也可跨越多个文档 Interventions Problems Problem Site Locations Time
left open capsulotomy management Interventions mastectomy removal of her prosthesis no signs of recurrence evidence recurrence Problems bonylymphoedema pain shooting pain in the direction of ulna nerve Problem Site local, regional or distant left arm General Surgical pain clinic Locations pain clinic pain clinic today Time a year’s time at this time 形成病历 自动实现相关事件的链接？ What happened & why ? What was done & why ? mastectomy caused_by bonylymphoedema
只有通过许可的人才可看到人名等信息 Hospital EPR EPR Drugs Refer Tools Help CLEF-RMH-Entry-Key: 52A4F6DB2B46EFemale 66 with radiation induced leukaemia since 1931 Onset age 63. Thirty three appointments to date. Problems: Aplastic anaemia, cataract, asthenia Tx:imatinibMeds: unclear CLEF-RMH-Entry-Key: 52A4F6DB2B46EFemale 66 with radiation induced leukaemia since 1931 Onset age 63. Thirty three appointments to date. Problems: Aplastic anaemia, cataract, asthenia Tx:imatinibMeds: unclear Staging CT Protocol 354 Drugs Appt Results Letters BP 在首页上形成一个摘要 Haem Chem Immu Bact Xray ECG USS 病历摘要 形成一个非常简短的病历摘要 CLEF-RMH-Entry-Key: 52A4F6DB2B46E Maria Sklodowska-Curie 12.10.20 Coryza: chest NAD: reassure13.10.20 URTI: wheezy: amoxycillin20.10.20 Anxiety: lump under arm: staging scan24.10.21 PEFR : 300 :10.11.21 PEFR : 400: CXR requested12.11.21 CXR Basal Consolidation: : erythromycin27.11.21 : Chest clear :07.03.30 Depression: recurrence: Paroxetine19.04.30 WCC OK01.06.31 : : rpt Rx paroxetine18.10.31 Pain L arm: : coproxamol03.03.31 Viral URTI: PEFR 350: salbutamol04.03.34 WCCAbnormal : :30.05.34 : BP, ECG NAD :
1.什么是信息抽取(IE)? • Hamish Cunningham • Information Extraction (IE) is a technology based on analysing natural language in order to extract snippets of information. • 信息抽取是一个输入/输出过程。 • 输入：未知文本信息 • 输出：固定格式、无二意性数据(信息) • 这些被抽取出来的数据可以 • 直接显示给用户 • 存储于数据库或电子表格中以供随后分析 • 被用于索引系统，以便于将来进行检索访问
1.什么是信息抽取(IE)? • Douglas E. Appelt等 • 信息检索和信息抽取对比 • 信息检索仅仅从文件集（数据库）中找出相关的文献（数据）并简单地显现给用户 • 而信息抽取不是仅仅指出某篇文献适合用户的需要，而是抽取真正适合用户的那些信息片段提供给用户
3.1NE • The shiny red rocket was fired on Tuesday. It is the brainchild of Dr. Big Head. Dr. Head is a staff scientist at We Build Rockets Inc. • NE: entities are "rocket", "Tuesday", "Dr. Head" and "We Build Rockets"
3.2 MET • MET（Multi-lingual Entity Task）多语种实体识别任务信息抽取 • MET除了能够对英文命名实体进行识别之外，还需要能够对多语种的命名实体进行识别，例如可以对中文、日文或西班牙文进行命名实体识别。
3.3 TE • TE模板元素（Template Element）信息抽取 • TE信息抽取将特定的描述信息与实体联系起来。它需要从文本的任何地方将与组织、人物或其它实体相关的基本信息抽取出来，并将这些信息作为实体的属性进行聚集，形成实体对象
3.3 TE • 在MUC评测中，TE系统需要能够从文本中抽取特定类型的实体信息，并将这些信息填写到预先定义的小型的属性模板之中。 • 例如对人物实体的模板元素抽取，需要信息抽取系统能够抽取出预先定义的人物的名称、职务、国籍等属性。
3.3 TE • The shiny red rocket was fired on Tuesday. It is the brainchild of Dr. Big Head. Dr. Head is a staff scientist at We Build Rockets Inc. • NE: entities are "rocket", "Tuesday", "Dr. Head" and "We Build Rockets" • TE: the rocket is "shiny red" and “Dr. Head's brainchild”.
3.4 CO • CO 参照（Co-reference）信息抽取 • CO涉及在进行NE或TE任务时，从文本中标识出对同一实体的不同表达方式。 • 例如 • 连接某同一实体的不同称谓。Tony Blair,The premier minister • 将某一名词和其相应的代名词进行连接。
3.4 CO • The shiny red rocket was fired on Tuesday. It is the brainchild of Dr. Big Head. Dr. Head is a staff scientist at We Build Rockets Inc. • NE: entities are "rocket", "Tuesday", "Dr. Head" and "We Build Rockets" • TE: the rocket is "shiny red" and Head's "brainchild". • CO: "it" refers to the rocket; "Dr. Head" and "Dr. Big Head“ are the same
3.5 TR • The shiny red rocket was fired on Tuesday. It is the brainchild of Dr. Big Head. Dr. Head is a staff scientist at We Build Rockets Inc. • NE: entities are "rocket", "Tuesday", "Dr. Head" and "We Build Rockets" • CO: "it" refers to the rocket; "Dr. Head" and "Dr. Big Head“ are the same • TE: the rocket is "shiny red" and Head's "brainchild". • TR: Dr. Head works for We Build Rockets Inc.
3.6 ST • ST 情节模板(Scenario Template) • ST抽取某一事件中的事件信息并将事件信息与某个组织、人物或其它实体相关联。 • ST需要标识出特定事件及事件的相关属性，包括将事件中的各个实体填充到事件的相应角色中，通过各个对象之间的关系，能够还原出整个事件的“原型”。
3.6 ST • The shiny red rocket was fired on Tuesday. It is the brainchild of Dr. Big Head. Dr. Head is a staff scientist at We Build Rockets Inc. • NE: entities are "rocket", "Tuesday", "Dr. Head" and "We Build Rockets" • CO: "it" refers to the rocket; "Dr. Head" and "Dr. Big Head“ are the same • TE: the rocket is "shiny red" and Head's "brainchild". • TR: Dr. Head works for We Build Rockets Inc. • ST: a rocket launching event occurred with the various participants.
