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Understanding Catalysts and Their Role in Chemical Reactions

ivana-jordan avatar
ivana-jordan
11 diapositives · 256 Views · Nov 05, 2014

In chemistry, various factors can influence the rate of a reaction, primarily temperature, surface area, and concentration of reactants. This presentation discusses the significance of catalysts—substances that accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed. We explore how catalysts, specifically enzymes in the human body, help maintain necessary reaction rates at stable temperatures. Through engaging examples, including the burning of a gummy bear and the creation of elephant toothpaste, we illustrate the importance and application of catalysts in both science and life.

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  1. Catalysts and inhibitors, But Mostly Catalysts Mr. Chapman Chemistry 30

  2. We are Familiar With 3 Ways to Change the Rate of a Chemical Reaction • There are 3 major different things that we can change in a chemical reaction to increase its rate. Those 3 things are: • Increase the temperature of the chemical reaction • Increase the surface area of the reactants • Increase the concentration of the reactants

  3. Remember the Gummy Bear.. • When we burned that gummy bear, we were able to greatly increase the rate of the chemical reaction by heating up the reactants (we melted the potassium chlorate, remember?) We miss you gummy, too bad you just had to go for the sake of science...

  4. What’s the Problem? Why can’t we always do this?

  5. Changing The Factors... • Changing the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction the most is not always practical. • For example, imagine the situation in your body. Your body breaks down glucose inside your body (the stuff the gummy was made out of) in the same way we watched it in class. • Your body needs to break down glucose quickly as well, so that it can get the energy it needs.

  6. Changing The Factors... • However, your body needs to remain at the same temperature all the time in order for you to remain alive (this is known as homeostasis, which we will discuss in Biology 30). We can’t simply heat up your body in order to get the desired reaction rate. • So the question arises, what does your body to in order to break down sugar fast enough for you to use it?

  7. The Answer! Your body uses CATALYSTS to make the reaction happen faster, without an increase in temperature.

  8. Catalysts • Catalysts are substances that change the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently altered themselves. • This is the definition of catalysts that I would like you to remember, and suggest that you write down: A CATALYST SPEEDS UP THE RATE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION, WITHOUT BEING CONSUMED BY THE REACTION.

  9. Enzymes • Catalysts that are in the human body are referred to as enzymes. • Enzymes function by

  10. What is a Catalyst? • A video of how catalysts work, by the CEBC: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KQdF1bnXHE An example of a catalyzed reaction, and a brief explanation of catalysts: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKLCRwBNOe4&feature=related

  11. Elephant Toothpaste Is Cool: • Watch this video of the creation of elephant toothpaste. The video is an example of the catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnB-uU3w6g8