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Marine Food Chains/Webs

Marine Food Chains/Webs. Energy from primary production is transferred up the trophic chain Each step is inefficient (~90% energy is lost) Shorter chains are more efficient at producing apex predators. Bottom Up Control on the Marine Food Webs. h n. CO 2. O 2. Phytoplankton. Food Web.

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Marine Food Chains/Webs

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  1. Marine Food Chains/Webs • Energy from primary production is transferred up the trophic chain • Each step is inefficient (~90% energy is lost) • Shorter chains are more efficient at producing apex predators

  2. Bottom Up Control on the Marine Food Webs hn CO2 O2 Phytoplankton Food Web NUTS Plants Primary Secondary Production Production

  3. Marine Food Chains/Webs • Energy from primary production is transferred up the trophic chain • Each step is inefficient (~90% energy is lost) • Shorter chains are more efficient at producing apex predators

  4. Primary Production by Biome Ryther (1969) Science

  5. Primary Production by Biome Ryther (1969) Science

  6. Marine Food Chains/Webs • Open ocean = 90% area & most of the NPP but little fish production • Coastal ocean = 9.9% area & 20% of the global NPP but ½ of the fish production • Upwelling systems = 0.1% area & little NPP but ½ fish production

  7. CalCoFI Zooplankton Sampling

  8. CalCoFIZooplankton Dudley Chelton [OSU]

  9. Seasonal Zooplankton Zoo Winds

  10. Seasonal Zooplankton Zoo Winds

  11. CalCoFI Zooplankton Highest in the tongue of CA Current

  12. The Upwelling Conveyor Belt Lower Zoo High Zoo Low Zoo Lower Chl High Chl Low Chl Low NUTS High NUTS Sinking POM Highest NUTS

  13. CalCoFI Zooplankton Corresponds to low salinity waters from north

  14. CalCoFI Zooplankton Highest in the tongue of CA Current

  15. The Upwelling Conveyor Belt Lower Zoo High Zoo Low Zoo Lower Chl High Chl Low Chl Low NUTS High NUTS Sinking POM Highest NUTS

  16. CalCoFIZooplankton Hi Zoo’s = Low Temp ENSO connection All in pre-1977

  17. CalCoFI Zooplankton 70% Decline in 1970’s

  18. The 1977 Regime Shift McGowan et al, 1998: Climate-Ocean Variability and Ecosystem Response in the Northeast Pacific, Science

  19. Cool vs. WarmWater Species T. Spinifera = cool water N. Simplex = warm

  20. Cool water species – gone during ENSO

  21. Zooplankton in CA Current • Zooplankton follow climatic changes both ENSO and PDO are seen • Long term zoo distribution consistent with upwelling conveyor & advection from N Pac • Evidence of species switching is also observed

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