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10 COMMON ORDERS OF CLASS AVES

10 COMMON ORDERS OF CLASS AVES. Scientists use morphological evidence & blood proteins, chromosomes & DNA to classify birds beaks, feet, plumage(feathers), bone structure & musculature are examples of morphological evidence About 10,000 species divided into 23 orders .

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10 COMMON ORDERS OF CLASS AVES

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  1. 10 COMMON ORDERS OF CLASS AVES • Scientists use morphological evidence & blood proteins, chromosomes & DNA to classify birds • beaks, feet, plumage(feathers), bone structure & musculature are examples of morphological evidence • About 10,000 species divided into 23 orders

  2. 1.) ORDER ANSERIFORMES “waterfowl” *swans *geese *ducks

  3. ANSERIFORMES • Aka waterfowl • Found worldwide (ww) • Feed on variety of aquatic & terrestrial foods (small inverts, fish & grass) • Webbed feet • Flattened bill

  4. 2.) ORDER STRIGIFORMES • owls

  5. STRIGIFORMES • Owls • Nocturnal • Sharp, curved beak & sharp talons w/claws • Large forward facing eyes for improved night vision • Keen sense of hearing because they are nocturnal • Found worldwide

  6. 3.) ORDER APODIFORMES • Hummingbirds • Swifts

  7. APODIFORMES • Hummingbirds, swifts • Small, fast flying with tiny feet • Hummingbirds eat some insects but mostly nectar • Swifts found worldwide • Hummingbirds found only in Western Hemisphere

  8. 4.) ORDER PSITTACIFORMES • Parrots • Parakeets • Macaws • Cockatoos • Cockatiels

  9. PSITTACIFORMES • Parrots & relatives • Most live in tropics • Strong, hooked beak for opening seeds & slicing fruits • Have 2 toes that point forward & 2 that point backwards for perching & climbing • Vocal birds • Many gather in flocks

  10. 5.) ORDER PICIFORMES • “tree-dwellers” • Woodpeckers • Honeyguides • Toucan

  11. PICIFORMES • Diverse tree dwellers • Nest in tree cavities • 2 forward & 2 rear facing toes • Found throughout the world except Australia • Diverse diet is reflected in bill diversity • Ex: woodpecker has sharp beak to drill holes but toucan feeds on fruit plucked with long bill

  12. 6.) ORDER PASSERIFORMES • “perching birds” • “songbirds” • Crows • Robins • Warblers • Blue jays • Wrens • Etc…… most of the familiar North American birds belong to this order

  13. PASSERIFORMES • Contains more than ½ total # of bird species • Includes most familiar North American birds • Aka perching birds • Rear toe is enlarged & flexible for gripping branch • Aka songbirds because males produce long, elaborate songs • Sing to warn away other males & attract females • Syrinx-produces song • Crows are the largest passerines

  14. 7.) ORDER COLUMBIFORMES • Pigeons • Doves

  15. COLUMBIFORMES • Globally distributed • Usually are plump-breasted with a relatively small head; short necks, legs & beaks; short, slender bills • Most feed on fruit or grains • BOTH sexes produce crop milk • Usually lay a clutch of 2 eggs that hatch after 2 weeks of incubation • Extinct member is the Dodo

  16. 8.) ORDER CICONIIFORMES • Herons • Storks • Ibises • Egrets

  17. CICONIIFORMES • Herons, storks, ibises, egrets • Are mainly wading birds & feed on fish, frogs & other small prey in shallow water • Have long, flexible neck, long legs & long bill

  18. 9.) ORDER GALLIFORMES • “fowl” • Turkeys • Pheasants • Chicken • Quails • Grouse

  19. Galliformes • Aka fowl • Terrestrial birds • Usually plump-bodied & many have limited flying ability • All have strong gizzards for grinding • Eat large amounts of grain • Some fowl are an important part of the human diet

  20. 10.) ORDER STRUTHIONIFORMES • Ostriches • Rheas • Emus • Cassowaries

  21. STRUTHIONIFORMES • Contains world’s largest birds • Ostrich-largest bird – Africa • Emu-2nd largest bird – Australia • Cannot fly-specialized as high speed runners • Each large foot has only TWO toes • Reduction in toes is common in running animals • Rhea = South American version of an Ostrich • Cassowaries –most colorful bird in the order • Black body with blue head==New Guinea

  22. 11. Order Falconiformes • Falcons, condors, buzzards, hawks, vultures, osprey, kestrel

  23. Falconiformes • group of about 290 species of birds that comprises the diurnalbirds of prey • have strong legs and feet with raptorialclaws and an opposable hind claw. • Almost all are carnivorous, hunting by sight during the day or at twilight • are exceptionally long-lived, and most have low reproductive rates.

  24. ORDER SPHENISCIFORMES • PENGUINS

  25. SPHENISCIFORMES • restricted to the Southern Hemisphere where they are oceanic or coastal • Dive well and use their flippers to swim underwater in pursuit of prey items: anchovies, cuttlefish, squid, and krill. • Predators of penguins include: humans, Leopard seals, Killer whales, sharks • Considered monogamous and individuals often nest at the same nest site as the previous year

  26. Order Phoenicopteriformes • Flamingos

  27. Phoenicopteriformes • Flamingos often stand on one leg, the other tucked beneath the body • Recent research indicates that standing on one leg may allow the birds to conserve more body heat, given that they spend a significant amount of time wading in cold water. • Sometimes classified in Ciconiiformes • Very social • Live in colonies • After the chicks hatch, the only parental expense is feeding with crop milk produced by male and females

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