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The Election of 1800 marked a pivotal moment in American history, featuring a fierce rivalry between Federalists, led by John Adams, and Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. This election highlighted major ideological divides: the Federalists advocated for a strong central government and loose constitutional interpretation, while the Democratic-Republicans favored states' rights and strict adherence to the Constitution. The election concluded with a tie in the Electoral College, ultimately resolved by the House of Representatives, where Jefferson triumphed, signifying the first peaceful transfer of power between rival parties.
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Election of 1800 Adams v. Jefferson
Federalists and John Adams • Rule by the wealthy • Strong federal government • Economic emphasis on manufacturing and business • Loose interpretation of the Constitution • British Alliance
Democratic Republicans and Jefferson • Rule by the people and state • Strong state government • Economic emphasis on agriculture • Strict interpretation of Constitution • French alliance
Candidates • Federalist ticket = John Adams (president) and Charles Pinckney (V.P) • Democratic Republican ticket = Thomas Jefferson (president) and Aaron Burr (V.P.)
Mood • The Federalist party under Adam’s is criticized harshly by the Democratic Republicans. • Alien and Sedition Acts – violating states rights and individual rights • Aligning themselves too closely with Great Britain – Jay’s Treaty • Too loose of an interpretation of the Constitution. • Nasty debate of political ideas in both the press and public addresses
Electoral College • Jefferson and Burr will tie with 73 electoral votes, Adams had 65 and Pinckney had 64 • There is no clear winner so the House of Representatives will choose the winner from the top 3 candidates • Each state gets one vote for President and one vote for Vice President. • House is controlled by Federalists most of whom want to vote for Burr as president, because of the strong political connection between the Democratic Republicans and Jefferson • Hamilton, while he disagrees with Jefferson trusts him as a person and he hates Burr • Hamilton will convince the House to vote for Jefferson as president
Decision of 1800 • After 36 votes in the House of Representatives • Thomas Jefferson wins the office of president • 1st time one political party will replace another