Energy Use Management

1. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 1 Energy Use Management Prepared by: Mahaveer Chand Summer Trainee at SRI Student of Aravali Institute of Management

2. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 2 Definitions Energy The ability to do work Use The act or practice of employing something Management Judicious use of means to accomplish an end Conservation A careful preservation and protection of something Energy Use Management: the act or practice of employing the ability to do work judiciously to accomplish an endEnergy Use Management: the act or practice of employing the ability to do work judiciously to accomplish an end

3. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 3 Terminologies Alternative Energy Energy derived from sources that do not use up natural resources or harm the environment ERoEI: Energy Returned On Energy Invested Energy Invested In order to acquire, transport, store and use energy, it TAKES energy Energy Returned After you have taken into account all the energy used above...HOW MUCH energy do you have left with?

4. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 4 Sources of Energy Non-Renewable Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Renewable Wind Solar Hydel Biomass Hydrogen Geothermal Energy Ocean Thermal

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7. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 7 Comparisons of India's Energy to World and China

8. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 8 Oil Oil reserves have got a great imbalance, where top 20 countries have 975 Billion bbls of reserves, rest of the world has 57 Billion bbls of reserves Oil Demand - World 75.99 Mb/d* (2001) 81.08 Mb/d* (2004) Oil Production - World 75.22 Mb/d* (2001) Oil Demand - India 2.27 Mb/d (2001) 2.46 Mb/d (2004) Problematic: not definite or settled Problematic: not definite or settled

9. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 9 Contd… Europe-Japan-US consume 12-25 barrels/capita-year, McKillop, 2004 India consume 1.5 barrels/capita-year Demand for oil is growing by 1.5 Mb/d per annum - World ASPO* predicts world oil production will peak around 2007 World oil spare capacity has come down to 2 Mb/d in 2003 probably the lowest since World War II

10. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 10 Contd… Oil production is declining in Samotlor (Russia’s largest oilfield) Production of Norway decreased by 10% in 2005 UK oil production has decreased by 30% since 1999 Mexico's super giant Cantrell oilfield is now in decline

11. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 11 Contd… Four OPEC countries has passed peak of which Indonesia has become net importer of oil All OECD oil exporters has passed peak Net increase in oil reserves after the explorations and findings of new fields is negative since 1980 Crude oil prices has gone up from $26 per barrel in May 2003 to $ 74 per barrel in May 2006 (Scarcity Premium: $ 20-30 )

12. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 12 Crude Oil: India

13. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 13 Natural Gas Production: 9.5 million boe/day - World (2001) The production of natural gas will peak between 2020 and 2030 - World India does not have large gas reserves India’s Natural Gas Demand/Production (in MCM) 31763 (2004-05) 32205 (2005-06) OR 0.547 Mboe/day 0.555 Mboe/day

14. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 14 Natural Gas: India

15. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 15 Coal Over 3,650 million tonnes (Mt) of hard coal were produced in 1998 half of which was used for electricity generation Coal would last for next 80 – 100 years India has a large reserves of coal but of lower quality Coal has the highest emission of CO2 among all fossil fuels

16. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 16 Coal and Lignite: India

17. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 17 Consumer wise off take of Coal

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19. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 19 Nuclear Power Carbon emission from nuclear fission is low but there are many serious environmental issues which do not even have any solution Cost of production is low as compared to other systems but the capital investment required, operation and maintenance expenses are high Cost of disposing the radioactive waste after the plant closing is tremendous

20. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 20 Contd… Radioactive waste produced by nuclear power till now is not yet de-commissioned Moreover, the production will take at least twenty years

21. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 21 Wind ERoEI for wind is 80-100 Construction period is short: 2-20 weeks No carbon emission, no fuels required, no disposal cost and low maintenance Energy losses in transmission is as low as 4% over a distance of 1000 kms. of HVDC Overall efficiency is 20-25% with a life of 20-25 years Wind energy grew by 25% for last 10 years India has a installed capacity of 4.5 GW while the potential is of 45 GW

22. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 22 Solar The average solar radiation in India is 4-7 kWh/m2/day with 300 clear sunny days in a year SWHS: 700,000 sq. m installed capacity with a potential of 140 million sq. m SAHS: 5,000 sq. m installed capacity 541,000 Solar Cookers in use World’s largest solar cooking venue in Tirupati (15000 people/day) 140 MW Integrated Solar Combined Cycle with a solar thermal component of 35 MW power project near Jodhpur (first of its kind in India)

23. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 23 Biomass The energy from plants and plant derived materials Biomass can be used for fuels, power production and products

24. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 24 Biofuels India has 62 million hectares of wasteland1 Corporate farming can create 15 m new jobs Two most common biofuels are Ethanol and Biodiesel Biofuels can be produced from Palm Oil, Jatropha, Rice Husk, Wheat Husk, etc. Per hectare Jatropha seed yield which starts from the 1 yr. @ 500 kg / ha goes up to 6-12 MT/ha/yr in 3rd and 4th year2

25. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 25 Butanol Can be produced from corn and other biomass One bushel of corn can yield 2.5 gallons of butanol with some hydrogen It does not produces Sox and Nox so less GHG Butanol replaces every single drop of gasoline without engine modification Hydrocarbon emission-5%, CO-Nil, NxOy-63%

26. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 26 Comparison

27. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 27 Hydrogen 2700 times less energy dense than petrol Three ways to reduce in size Compression Liquefaction Chemical-combination 13% more tankers are required if transported by road By pipelines, 33% is wasted for a 3000 km. line

28. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 28 Geothermal Energy Generated by mining the earth’s heat Current electricity generation is about 9000 MW of which US produces 1/3rd Nearly 400 low to medium enthalpy thermal springs exist in India Total power generating capacity is estimated to be 10,000 MW in India This can be best utilize in food production and food processing

29. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 29 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion OTEC is a way to generate electricity using the temperature difference of seawater at different depth with an overall efficiency of 1 to 3% India piloted a 1 MW floating OTEC plant near Tamil Nadu (working on trial basis)

30. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 30 ERoEI

31. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 31 Renewables: India

32. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 32 Energy Conservation Energy Saving Devices (ESD) can save up to 40% energy per day for street lighting Replacing incandescent bulb (60W) with compact fluorescent bulb (18W) will reduce power consumption by 70% (Pay-back: 1Yr) Using electronic ballasts can increases lamps efficiency by 25% and light output by 10-15% Using Economizer in air conditioners reduces power consumption

33. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 33 Case Study: Mother Dairy

34. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 34 Mother Dairy: Corrective Measures Taken Water content in ammonia was decreased from 4.5% to 1% which was consuming more energy resulted in consumption reduction of 154249 kWh with an investment of Rs. 65,000 only

35. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 35 Case Study: RIL (Refinery Division) Reduction in hydrocarbon flaring from 53 to 10 Tons per day Measures Taken Installed a skid mounted flare gas recovery system A Flare Gas Amine Absorber Investment of Rs.10.08 cr. with payback period of 9 months

36. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 36 World Scenario (2000)

37. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 37 World Scenario (2005)

38. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 38 Energy Guzzlers Agriculture Transport Industries Household Municipalities

39. 11/18/2011 Systems Research Institute 39 Agriculture One of the largest direct and indirect energy consumer

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