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ENERGY MANAGEMENT

ENERGY MANAGEMENT. A combined design and management function which embraces the disciplines of. engineering mathematics accounting operations research software engineering environmental management. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION. Measure.

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ENERGY MANAGEMENT

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  1. ENERGY MANAGEMENT

  2. A combined design and management function which embraces the disciplines of engineering mathematics accounting operations research software engineering environmental management

  3. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION

  4. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Measure

  5. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Measure Analyse

  6. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Measure Analyse Criticise

  7. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Measure Analyse Criticise Generate Options

  8. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Measure Analyse Criticise Generate Options Evaluate Options

  9. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Measure Analyse Criticise Generate Options Evaluate Options Optimise

  10. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Measure Analyse Criticise Generate Options Evaluate Options Modify Optimise

  11. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Measure Analyse Criticise Control Generate Options Evaluate Options Modify Optimise

  12. THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Measure Analyse Criticise REVIEW Control Generate Options Evaluate Options Modify Optimise

  13. ENERGY ACCOUNT A balance sheet of energy INPUTS OUTPUTS THROUGHPUTS flowing through a site boundary

  14. The INPUT side An analysis of FUEL and ELECTRICITY bills for a representative annual period

  15. The OUTPUT side details the ultimate energy rejection to the external environment via heat transmission through the building fabric heat lost to ventilating air flue gas losses

  16. The THROUGHPUTS What happens inside the building may require microaudits or energy balances over individual items of plant and equipment: furnaces, boilers, refrigerators, compressors, etc. to ascertain efficiencies and to quantify sundry gains

  17. Energy Audit

  18. Energy Audit

  19. Energy Audit

  20. Energy Audit

  21. Energy Audit

  22. Fuel Energy Audit

  23. Stack Loss Fuel Combustion Energy Audit

  24. Stack Loss Fuel Combustion Boiler Energy Audit

  25. Stack Loss Fuel Combustion Distribution Loss Boiler Distribution Energy Audit

  26. Stack Loss Fuel People Combustion Distribution Loss Boiler Distribution EnergyAudit

  27. Stack Loss Fuel Lights People Combustion Distribution Loss Boiler Distribution Energy Audit

  28. Stack Loss Fuel Lights Power People Combustion Distribution Loss Boiler Distribution Energy Audit

  29. Stack Loss Fuel Lights Power People Processes Combustion Distribution Loss Boiler Distribution Energy Audit

  30. Electricity Stack Loss Fuel Lights Power People Processes Combustion Distribution Loss Boiler Distribution Energy Audit

  31. Fuel Electricity Stack Loss Fuel Lights Power Food People Processes Fuels Combustion Distribution Loss Boiler Distribution Energy Audit

  32. Fuel Electricity Stack Loss Fuel Lights Power Food People Processes Fuels Combustion Sundry Gains Distribution Loss Boiler Distribution Energy Audit

  33. Fuel Electricity Stack Loss Fuel Lights Power Food People Processes Fuels Combustion Sundry Gains Distribution Loss Boiler Direct Reject Distribution Space Heat Delivered Energy Audit

  34. Fuel Electricity Stack Loss Fuel Lights Power Food People Processes Fuels Combustion Sundry Gains Distribution Loss Boiler Direct Reject Distribution Space Heat Delivered Energy Audit Ventilation Fabric Transmission

  35. Energy Audit Equation

  36. Fuel Energy Input = Energy losses during combustion + Energy losses during conversion + Energy losses during distribution + Energy losses during utilisation + Energy losses from utilisation

  37. For a heated building, INPUT side Heating fuel energy input + Sundry gains from electricity + Sundry gains from people + Sundry gains from directly-fired process plant and equipment - Sundry losses to cold plant

  38. For a heated building, OUTPUT side =Energy losses in flue gases + Energy losses during conversion + Energy losses from external distribution pipelines + Energy losses via fabric transmission + Energy losses in ventilating air + Energy losses in process materials directly rejected to the external environment

  39. Heat Loss = Fabric Transmission Losses +Ventilation Losses

  40. Heat Loss (W) = U A DT + m cp DT U = Overall U-value (W/m2K) A = Area for heat loss (m2) m = Ventilating Air (kg/s) cp= specific heat of air (J/kg K) DT= Temperature difference between inside and outside (oC)

  41. Mean Annual Heat Loss (W) = U A DT + m cp DT m = Ventilating Air (kg/s) = number of air changes per second (1/s) x building volume, V (m3) x density of air, r (kg/m3)

  42. Mean Annual Heat Loss (W) = U A DT + m cp DT m = Ventilating Air (kg/s) = number of air changes per hour, n (1/hr) x hours/second (1/3600) x building volume,V (m3) x density of air, r (1.2 kg/m3)

  43. Heat Loss (W) = U A DT + m cp DT cp= specific heat of air (= 1000 J/kg K))

  44. Heat Loss (W) = U A DT + m cp DT = U A DT + (r V n/3600) cp DT = U A DT + (1.2 V n/3600) x 1000 DT = U A DT + (V n/3) DT = (U A + nV/3) DT

  45. Fuel Burnt by Boiler (W) = ((U A + nV/3) DT) / h where h is the boiler efficiency (%) expressed as a fraction

  46. Annual Heat Loss (kWh/annum) = (U A + nV/3) DT x heating hours per annum/1000 where DT = mean annual temperature difference between inside and outside (oC)

  47. Monthly Heat Loss (kWh/month) = (U A + nV/3) DT x heating hours per month/1000 where DT = mean monthly temperature difference between inside and outside (oC)

  48. FLOW CHART FOR AN ENERGY AUDIT Internal Data Fuel Data External Data OBTAIN DESCRIPTION OF PREMISES purpose and function number of occupants occupational patterms environmental temperatures environmental humidities lighting levels ventilation requirements plans and details of construction heating and cooling system details OBTAIN ENERGY ACCOUNTS COLLATE ACCOUNTS AND CONVERT TO COMMON UNITS COMPILE ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS degree-day data outside air temperatures and humidities wind speeds solar data building orientation TRACE ENERGY RELEASE SYSTEMS AND ESTIMATE OR MEASURE EFFICIENCIES ASCERTAIN SUNDRY GAINS DETERMINE DISTRIBUTION LOSSES CARRY OUT SITE SURVEY ESTIMATE U-VALUES AND AREAS VENTILATION RATES EXHAUST AIR TEMPERATURES EXAMINE PROCESS LOSSES OR GAINS ENERGY IN ENERGY OUT ENERGY AUDIT

  49. FLOW CHART FOR AN ENERGY AUDIT Internal Data Fuel Data External Data OBTAIN DESCRIPTION OF PREMISES purpose and function number of occupants occupational patterms environmental temperatures environmental humidities lighting levels ventilation requirements plans and details of construction heating and cooling system details OBTAIN ENERGY ACCOUNTS COLLATE ACCOUNTS AND CONVERT TO COMMON UNITS COMPILE ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS degree-day data outside air temperatures and humidities wind speeds solar data building orientation TRACE ENERGY RELEASE SYSTEMS AND ESTIMATE OR MEASURE EFFICIENCIES ASCERTAIN SUNDRY GAINS DETERMINE DISTRIBUTION LOSSES CARRY OUT SITE SURVEY ESTIMATE U-VALUES AND AREAS VENTILATION RATES EXHAUST AIR TEMPERATURES EXAMINE PROCESS LOSSES OR GAINS ENERGY IN ENERGY OUT ENERGY AUDIT

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