1. Evolution 3G builds on existing networks Huge volumes Global spectrum Separate network Optimized for voice Old technology Revolution IP networks Optimized air interfaces Design for converged traffic New technology for low cost No global spectrum or approval No market momentum Timing? Access to the Global Internet: Which Technology Will Win? For most of the world in 5 years(aside from North America and part of Europe): Phone = Cell Phone Internet = Wireless Internet

2. RadioRouter – Enabling Wireless Data • Internet mobility prospect is supercharging ‘Wireless Data’ demand • Evolving cellular networks have a systematically flawed data approach • 3G is spectrally inefficient and 3G data are prohibitively expensive • RadioRouter networks are designed specifically for data; enabling • Wireless data with wireline quality, broadband speed and low cost • which will drive end-user adoption of wireless data • Wireless Service Providers to maximize their Return on Spectrum • which will drive deployment of RadioRouter networks

3. RadioRouter Rajiv Laroia, PhD laroia@lucent.com Phone: 908-582-5409 Head, Digital Communications Research Dept. Wireless Research Center Bell Labs

4. Why RadioRouter? • Today’s cellular network is an artifact of yesterday’s constraints • RadioRouter is the result of optimizing against today’s requirements and demands to create a highly efficient wireless data network • RadioRouter technology consists of two fundamental innovations: • Low-cost, micro-cell network that is simple to deploy, easy to operate and low-effort to maintain • Air-link technology that is seamless with IP network and capable of landline quality of service • RadioRouter will enable a new class wireless service providers to realize the economic value of wireless data

5. Yesterday’s Constraints Dictates Today’s Cellular Network • Yesterday’s constraints • Voice traffic • Centralized switching • Expensive back-haul access • High cost electronics • Today’s network architecture • “Smart” (translation, expensive) basestations with high-power, tall antennae carefully optimized to provide large geographic coverage • Uniformly distributed, shared air-link designed to serve a large number of low data-rate users • Expensive circuit-switched networking

6. World Has Changed! • Technology, demand and access economics have changed • Cheaper access --- xDSL/cable • Smaller electronics • Data demand --- Internet • Network requirements have changed • Many low cost basestations connected directly to an IP network • Lower total system cost --- reduced cost of high-speed data • Higher capacity • Low antenna height --- 10 feet • Longer battery life

7. RadioRouter Wireless Data Access Network • RadioRouter IP Packet Networks • Low-cost, micro-cell architecture - maximizing bit/Hz/$ and capacity through spatial reuse • Flash-OFDM - optimizing air-interface for packet traffic • Autonomous basestations - Minimizing network planning • Distributed networks - Leveraging IP to manage data traffic and mobility • Low latency - enabling real time interactive applications Internet Central Wireless Network Servers Intranets Packet Routing DSLAM PSTN WAN IP Backbone DSL Circuit Switching To IP Network Cable Modem To IP Network Coax To IP Network To IP Network RadioRouter Access Network 7 – 12 RadioRouters deployed in coverage area of ONE Cell-Tower

8. RadioRouter Is Designed for Wireless Data • New system designed from ground up to do data efficiently • Low cost • Higher capacity (spatial reuse) /spectral efficiency • Flexible, demand driven data rates • Direct connection to IP network • Wireline not wireless error probability • Power efficient for long battery life • Low latency INTERNET DSL $3000 PC BASE STATION

9. RadioRouter’s Micro-Cell Innovation • RadioRouter connects to the IP backbone via low cost xDSL or cable modem • Mobile IP for mobility management - no expensive switches • Dumb basestations --- sophisticated airlink • Autonomous basestations do not require a priori knowledge of the network nor their basestation neighbors --- simple installation • lead to extremely scalable networks • lower planning and maintenance cost --- enable non-traditional service providers • Simplicity of Wireless IP RadioRouter networks leads to lower installation and operating costs

10. RadioRouter’s Seamless IP and Landline Interface Innovation • Flash OFDM uses multiple tones (~400) and fast hopping to spread signals over a 5 MHz band • Format is tolerant of both multipath and high-speed Doppler • FDD airlink has 5MHz uplink and 5 MHz downlink bands • OFDM has no interference between users in the same cell and interference between users from different cells is minimized due to use of hopping patterns • OFDM air-interface enables 3 times higher data rate than 3G air-interfaces • Flash OFDM permits autonomous basestations

11. RadioRouter--Wireless Service Provider’s Best Friend • RadioRouters have the complexity and cost of a ‘Pentium with Antenna’ plugged directly to the internet • Low antenna height with small cellsites ~ 1km radius (100 m to 15 miles) --- airlink specifically designed for this • Philosophy is not to maximize the capacity per basestation but rather to maximize the capacity per dollar spent! INTERNET DSL $3000 PC BASE STATION

12. ? GSM CDMA-2000 TXIP RadioRouter Alone Meets Wireless Data Challenge • 3G expensive infrastructure, problems with capacity and latency and scaling • Ricochet low capacity ham radio • IEEE 802.11 -local area only, inefficient spectrally