Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders Dr. Stephen Landman

Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Mental Retardation; Learning Disorders Communication Disorders Autistic Spectrum Disorders Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood Tic Disorders Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence: Selective Mutism | Separation Anxiety Disorder | Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood | Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Mental Retardation • Mild Mental Retardation: IQ level 50-55 to approximately 70 • Moderate Mental Retardation: IQ level 35-40 to 50-55 • Severe Mental Retardation: IQ level 20-25 to 35-40 • Profound Mental Retardation: IQ level below 20 or 25

Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) • Severe impairment pervades broad areas of social and psychological development in children • Asperger's Disorder | Autistic Disorder | Childhood Disintegrative Disorder | Rett's Disorder

Asperger's Disorder (AD) • Asperger's (or AS) is one of several autism spectrum disorders (ASD) characterized by difficulties in social interaction and by restricted, stereotyped interests and activities. AS is distinguished from the other ASDs in having no general delay in language or cognitive development. Although not mentioned in standard diagnostic criteria, motor clumsiness and atypical use of language are frequently reported.

Autistic Disorder • Autistic disorder (also called autism) is a neurological and developmental disorder that usually appears during the first three years of life. A child with autism appears to live in his/her own world, showing little interest in others, and a lack of social awareness. The focus of an autistic child is a consistent routine and includes an interest in repeating odd and peculiar behaviors. Autistic children often have problems in communication, avoid eye contact, and show limited attachment to others. • The evidence is NOT that it is caused by vaccinations.

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder • Children appear to develop normally for the first two years of life, but then lose skills in areas such as language, play, and bowel control and manifest impaired social interaction and communication associated with "restrictive, repetitive, stereotyped" behaviors.

Rett's Disorder • Children with Rett’s Disorder appear to develop normally at first, but their head growth slows, they lose social "engagement" and hand skills, and they develop stereotyped movements of the hands and poorly coordinated gait or trunk movements. There is also psychomotor retardation and impairment of language development.

Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Conduct Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) • Inattention • Hyperactivity • Impulsivity

Conduct Disorder • Aggression to People & Animals • Destruction of Property • Deceitfulness or theft • Serious violations of rules

Oppositional Defiant Disorder • This diagnosis involves a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior. These children may blame others for their problems.

Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders

Delirium Although classified as a mental disorder because it involves fluctuating level of consciousness and pervasive impairment in mental, behavioral, and emotional functioning, this brain state, which is usually of acute onset and temporary duration, is probably always caused by physical disease, head trauma, or drug effect.

Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception.

Dementia Due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative brain disorder. Symptoms usually start around age 60. Memory problems, behavior changes, vision problems and poor muscle coordination progress quickly to dementia, coma and death. Most patients die within a year. The three main categories of CJD are sporadic CJD, which occurs for no known reason hereditary CJD, which runs in families acquired CJD, which occurs from contact with infected tissue, usually during a medical procedure Cattle can get a disease related to CJD called bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad cow disease." It is possible that people can get a variant of CJD from eating beef from an infected animal.

Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). The condition is not a single disease; it is a group of syndromes relating to different vascular mechanisms. Vascular dementia is preventable; therefore, early detection and an accurate diagnosis are important. A common type is multi-infarct dementia

Substance-Related Disorders

Schizophrenia • Catatonic • Disorganized • Paranoid • Undifferentiated • Residual

Schizophrenia: Symptoms • Positive Symptoms Delusions (Persecution, Grandeur, Control, Reference, Nihilistic, Religious, Somatic, Erotomania, Thought Insertion, Thought Broadcasting); Hallucinations • Negative Symptoms Flat Affect, Inability to Initiate Activities, Brief Speech, Lack of Pleasure • Cognitive Symptoms Problems with Memory, Organizing, Prioritizing, Judgment, Reasoning, Lack of Insight

Other Psychotic Disorders • Schizophreniform Disorder • Schizoaffective Disorder • Delusional Disorder • Brief Psychotic Disorder • Shared Psychotic Disorder

Intersections of Mental Illness and the Law • Not Guilty by Reason of InsanityJohn Hinckley, Jr.; Andrea Yates • Competence to Stand Trial • Involuntary Hospitalization (Civil Commitment)Starts with Mental Inquest WarrantKentucky Law • Juvenile Court – Disposition of Delinquents • Civil Court Proceedings (Divorce & Custody)

Symptoms of Depression • Depressed Mood (Beyond Sadness) • Loss of Interest and Pleasure in Usually Enjoyed Activities • Tearfulness • Suicidal Ideation (Thoughts, Impulses, Actions) • Weight Changes; Eating Changes • Sleep Changes • Psychomotor Retardation or Agitation • Loss of Libido • Fatigue • Feelings of Guilt, Worthlessness, Pessimism • Difficulty Concentrating; “Brain Fog”

Mood Disorders • Dysthymic Disorder • Major Depression • Pseudodementia • Bipolar Disorder • Difference between hypomania and mania • Postpartum Depression • Seasonal Affective Disorder

Psychosomatic DisorderA disorder in which there is a real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety.Somatoform DisordersDisorders in which there is an apparent physical illness for which there is no organic basisSomatization DisorderA somatoform disorder characterized by recurrent vague somatic complaints without a physical cause.

Somatoform DisordersThese mental disorders share the appearance of a general medical condition as suggested by one or more physical symptoms. • Body Dysmorphic Disorder • Conversion Disorder • Hypochondriasis • Pain Disorder

Anxiety Disorders • Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder • Anxiety Disorder Due to General Medical Condition • Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia • Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder • Specific Phobia • Social Phobia • Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder

Factitious DisorderPatient's with this mental disorder are so eager to assume the role of a sick person that they intentionally feign or produce symptoms • Malingering • Munchausen’s Syndrome • Munchausen’s by Proxy

Dissociative Disorders Patients with these mental disorders suffer disruption of memory, consciousness, identity, and general perception of themselves and their surroundings. • Dissociative Amnesia • Dissociative Fugue • Depersonalization Disorder • Dissociative Identity Disorder

Sexual Disorders • Sexual Desire Disorders: Hypoactive ; Aversion • Sexual Arousal Disorders: Female Sexual Arousal Disorder ; Male Erectile Disorder • Orgasmic Disorders: Female ; Male ; Premature Ejaculation • Sexual Pain Disorders: Dyspareunia ; Vaginismus • Sexual Dysfunction Due to a General Medical Condition: Female Dyspareunia ; Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder ; Male Erectile Disorder ; Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder ; Male Dyspareunia ; Substance-Induced Sexual Dysfunction • Paraphilias: Exhibitionism ; Fetishism ; Frotteurism ; Pedophilia ; Masochism ; Sadism ; Transvestic Fetishism ; Voyeurism • Gender Identity Disorder

Eating Disorders • Anorexia Nervosa • Bulimia Nervosa

Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders

Sleep Disorders • Insomnia • Hypersomnia • Narcolepsy • Sleep Apnea • Nightmare Disorder • Sleep Terror Disorder • Sleepwalking Disorder

Psychological Disorders