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Gas Exchange

Gas Exchange. Mammals. Terms. Respiration is the release of energy from food. Gaseous exchange is the movement of gases across a membrane. Breathing is the physical movements that helps the exchange of gases to occur. . Cellular Respiration – generation of ATP.

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Gas Exchange

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  1. Gas Exchange Mammals

  2. Terms • Respiration is the release of energy from food. • Gaseous exchange is the movement of gases across a membrane. • Breathing is the physical movements that helps the exchange of gases to occur.

  3. Cellular Respiration – generation of ATP • It takes place in all cells. • Cellular respiration is carried out by the mitochondria. • Glucose, fats or proteins are required along with oxygen. • Carbon dioxide and water are by- products of this cellular process.

  4. Breathing

  5. Gas Exchange (Recap Cells) • Movement of… • Type of transport? • Concentration gradient? • Speed affected by… • How are the gases transported within the body?

  6. Requirements for gas exchange systems • Moist surface so gases can dissolve and diffuse more rapidly. • Thin layer of cells across which O2 and CO2 can diffuse. • Large surface area so sufficient diffusion can occur.

  7. Mammalian System How do we obtain: • A moist surface area? • A thin surface area? • A large surface area?

  8. Mammalian System • Mammals have an internal respiratory system • Mammals use lungs (an active ventilation system) • O2 enters the lungs and diffuses into the blood which then transports it around the body

  9. Parts of the Respiratory System

  10. Larynx

  11. Cilia

  12. Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli Diaphragm

  13. Active Ventilation • Breathing occurs as the animal changes the pressure in the chest cavity. • This is done by contracting and expanding the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles.

  14. Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body

  15. Inhale / Exhale

  16. Transport System • The structure of the heart. • Blue and red blood. • What is blood? • The structure of a red blood cell. • What is so dangerous about carbon monoxide (CO)?

  17. Red Blood Cells • Biconcave disc shape • 25 trillion in 5 liters of blood • Lack nuclei and mitochondria • Filled with the pigment haemoglobin • Made in the bone marrow • The life span of a red blood cell is 3-4 month • They generate their own ATP through anaerobic respiration. Why? Biozone pp195-197

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