Climatic Interactions

1. Climatic Interactions Ms. Clark

2. Vocabulary • Hurricane gulf stream • Humidity atmosphere • Psychrometer • prevailing winds cyclone • air mass jet stream • convection current gyres • air pressure upwelling • deep water currents surface currents

3. Vocabulary • Hurricane- a storm with a violent wind and particular tropical cyclone in the Caribbean. • Humidity- a quantity representing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. • Cyclone- an area of closed circular forward motion rotating in the same direction of the Earth. • Psychrometer- two similar thermometers with one being wet and one being dry. • Prevailing winds- • Air mass- a large body of air having characteristics of temperature, moisture, and pressure that are approximately uniformed horizontally.

4. Air mass-a body of air covering a relative wide area exhibiting uniform properties through a horizontal section. • Convection Current-Convection current- the movement of a fluid called by differences in temperature that transfer • Air Pressure- a force exerted by air whether compressed or unconfined or any surface in contact with it. • Deep Water Currents- circles the Earth driven by density differences in water.

5. Gulf Stream- a warm ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico along the East Coast. • Atmosphere- a layer of gases that surround a material body of sufficient mass. (the envelope of gases surrounding the Earth or another planet) • Cyclones- winds rotating inwards to an area of low atmospheric pressure with counterclockwise (Northern Hemisphere) or clockwise (Southern Hemisphere) • Jet Stream- the velocity winds that move from east to west, high above the Earth.

6. Gyres- a spiral of oceanic surface current driven primarily by the global wind system constrained by the continents surrounding the three basins. (pacific,atlantic, indian) • Upwelling- an upward flow of cold heavy deep sea water lading with nutrients as warm surface water is drawn away by offshore currents. • Surface Currents- water movements which extend to depths of 3-10 ft.

7. Earth Lab • Why do our oceans have different temperatures? How do the temperatures differ?How do you think the difference in temperatures will effect ocean temperatures? • How do you think the temperature differences in the ocean will affect the temperature of the air masses above them?

8. Bellringer1.8 • What is the object? • What is its purpose? • How does it work?

9. Bellringer1.9 • Which way does a cyclone rotate? Explain.

10. Bellringer1.10 • What is the MAIN cause of global convection currents? • A) uneven heating of the Earth by the Sun • B)the greenhouse effect • C) deforestation • D) the increase in the number of cities

11. Hurricanes

12. What is a hurricane? • Hurricanes are tropical cyclones. • They form in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and eastern Pacific Ocean. • Their winds spiral outward in a counterclockwise, circulation pattern.

13. What conditions must exist for a hurricane to form? • Low to medium winds blowing in the same direction • 5–30 degrees north of the equator in the ocean • Ocean surface temperature of greater than 80 F that extends down to about 150 feet deep (50 m) • Lower atmosphere must be moist

14. How do hurricanes form? • The air mass above the tropical waters takes on the temperature and humidity of the water beneath it. • Incoming winds force the air upward. • The warm, moist air rises, forming water vapor and clouds. • Above the storm, the winds flow outward. • Outside winds blow inward, and the cycle repeats.

15. How do hurricanes move? • Hurricanes turn to the right, away from the equator, because of the Coriolis Effect caused by Earth’s rotation. • You will learn about this phenomenon later in the lesson.

16. Where does the energy for a hurricane originate? • The Sun heats the oceans. • Warm air rises, and as it cools, it releases energy, fueling the hurricane.

17. Why don’t hurricanes form in higher latitudes? • The temperature of the oceans is not warm enough. • The distance is too far from the equator.

18. Hurricane Katrina

19. HW: 1.11Reflective Question How do oceans play a role in the development of weather systems including hurricanes?

20. Humidity The relative measure of the amount of water vapor in the air Psychrometer Water vapor affects the density of the air. Cold air is heavier than warm air.

21. Air Masses

22. What is an air mass? A body of air that has the same temperature and humidity throughout.

23. How do air masses form? If a large body of air sits over an area of land or water for a long period of time, it will take on the characteristics of the land or water beneath it. Temperature Humidity

24. Location, Location, Location… Air masses over the equator will have high temperatures. Air masses over polar regions will have low temperatures. Air masses over water (maritime) will have high humidity (moisture content). Air masses over land (continental) will have low humidity (moisture content).

25. Where do air masses form? Air masses tend to form in areas with little wind. Remember, they sit over an area for a long period of time without moving.

26. Labeling Air Masses Air masses that form over water are called maritime. Air masses that form over land are called continental.

27. Classification of Air Masses mT – maritime tropical cT – continental tropical mP – maritime polar cP – continental polar cA – continental arctic

28. Location of Air Masses

29. Characteristics of Air Masses mT – warm, moist air cT – warm, dry air mP – cold, moist air cP – cold, dry air cA – super cold, dry air

30. H.W 1.28 Reflective QuestionsHow do air masses move? Convection!

31. Convection Warm air rises, and cold air moves in to replace it. A circulation pattern is formed. Causes air and water currents to form

32. Density! Warm air rises. Cool air sinks.

33. HW: 1.13Reflection Question How do different air masses form? How does convection work?