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Psych Immersions? (Connections to something else in psychology, another text, or your world.)

Psych Immersions? (Connections to something else in psychology, another text, or your world.) Critical questions from the reading?. EQ 1-2. Trace the growth of psychology. Psychology’s Roots Are in Philosophy. Prescientific Psychology Do you have a soul?

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Psych Immersions? (Connections to something else in psychology, another text, or your world.)

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  1. Psych Immersions? (Connections to something else in psychology, another text, or your world.) • Critical questions from the reading?

  2. EQ 1-2 • Trace the growth of psychology.

  3. Psychology’s Roots Are in Philosophy Prescientific Psychology • Do you have a soul? • Is the mind connected to the body or distinct? • Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

  4. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Buddha wondered how sensations & perceptions combined to form ideas.

  5. Prescientific Psychology Confucius (551-479 B.C.) Confucius stressed power of ideas & importance of an educated mind.

  6. Prescientific Psychology Hebrew Scriptures Linked mind & emotion to the body.

  7. Monism v. Dualism • Monists: mind (soul) & body are different aspects of same thing, continues into present. (Aristotle, Locke) • Dualists: mind (soul) can exist separately from the body (Socrates, Plato, Decartes)

  8. Prescientific Psychology • Aristotle: (monist) • Soul not separate • from body & • Ideas come from • experience. • (nurture)

  9. Prescientific Psychology -Dualists Plato Socrates

  10. Socrates - dualist • Socrates & student Plato • Believed mind separate from body (dualists) • Mind exists after death • Ideas innate. (nature)

  11. Plato - dualist Soul has 3 parts • Reason & perception in head • Noble passions: courage & pride in heart & lungs • Base passions: greed & lust in liver & guts • *thought 1st was immortal & 2nd & 3rd perishable

  12. Plato’s Chariot Analogy

  13. Plato’s Chariot Metaphor Good horse represents spirit:noble passions horse- well formed & handsome. Bad/Wild horse represents appetites:base passions horse - crooked, lumbering, ill made, short-throated, bloodshot eyes. Charioteer represents reason:determines direction to drive chariot • Mind/Soul: Represented in chariot.

  14. Plato’s Chariot Metaphor

  15. Prologue: Psychology’s Roots

  16. Rene Descartes Dualist Nature v. Nurture Debate (NATURE) Prescientific Psychology

  17. Rene Descartes • Dualist: mind & body as interactive machines. • Mind could follow body & vice versa. Allowed for voluntary & involuntary behavior. • Brain area of mental functioning.

  18. John Locke (1632-1704) Tabula Rasa “Blank Slate” Nature or Nurture? NURTURE Prescientific Psychology

  19. Psychology’s Roots • Psychological Science Is Born • Empiricism • Knowledge comes from experience via the senses • Science flourishes through observation and experiment

  20. Psychology’s Roots • Wilhelm Wundt (vil´helm voont) opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig (c. 1879) • Father of psychology

  21. Psychology’s Roots • Selective Attention • Wundt’s significance? • By insisting on measurement and experimentation he moves Psych from Philosophy to Science

  22. Psychology As Science • Psychologists use the scientific method • Steps to the scientific method • Collect data • Generate a theory to explain the data • Produce a testable hypothesis • Systematically test the hypothesis

  23. Psychology’s Roots • Bradford Titchener (tich´unur) (Wundt’s student) • Structuralism used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

  24. What is this?

  25. What is this?

  26. What is this?

  27. Psychology’s Roots • Structuralism – • School of psychology that stressed the basic units of experience (physical sensation, feelings, and memories) and the combinations in which they occur. • Study these ‘atoms of experience’ to get the structure of the mind

  28. Prologue: Psychology’s Roots • William James • Rejects Structuralism • Influenced by Darwin • Functionalism –theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment.

  29. Functionalism • How they allow organisms to adapt, survive & thrive. (based on guess whose theory ….) • “Stream of Consciousness.”

  30. What is unusual about this picture?

  31. Mary Whiton Calkins • Denied PhD from Harvard due to gender • Opened one of 1st psychological labs in U.S. • Paired-associate technique to study memory • 1st first female president APA

  32. Margaret Floy Washburn • 1st woman awarded PhD • Significant research animal behavior

  33. Dorothea Dix • Activist for mentally ill in poverty • Successfully lobbied state legislature to create asylums

  34. Dorothea Dix - Reformer

  35. The Growth of Psychology • Sigmund Freud: Psychodynamic psychology • Behavior results from forces at work within the individual, often at an unconscious level • Late 1800s • Hard to prove or disprove scientifically

  36. Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Figure 1- British Psychological Society membership

  37. Return to the observable in the early 1900s • John B. Watson: Behaviorism • Studied only observable behaviors • Expanded upon the work of Pavlov • B.F. Skinner: Behaviorism revisited • Expanded behaviorism • Viewed the mind as a “black box” that was irrelevant

  38. The Cognitive Revolution • The precursors to cognitive psychology: • Gestalt psychology • Study of how we perceive objects as whole patterns • Therapy that wishes to treat the whole person • Humanistic psychology • Emphasizes realization of full potential • Recognizes importance of love, self esteem, belonging, and self-actualization

  39. The Cognitive Revolution of the 1960s • Study of mental processes • Thinking • Learning • Feeling • Remembering • Decision making

  40. New Directions in Psychology • Evolutionary psychology • Studies the adaptive value of behaviors and mental processes • Positive psychology • Study of the subjective feelings of happiness and well-being • Focus is on positive attitude

  41. Multiple Perspectives • There is no single right answer • Several perspectives can provide insight into behavior • Biopsychosocial

  42. Psychology’s Big Issues • Nature-nurture controversy • Are we a product of innate, inborn tendencies controlled by our genetic make-up? • Are we a reflection of experiences and upbringing? • Person–Situation • Is behavior caused by factors inside the person or outside? • Stability–Change • Are behavior patterns learned in childhood permanent or do people change over time? • Diversity-Universality • How am I like every person, like some people, and like no one else? • Mind–Body • What is the relationship between the mind and the body?

  43. EQ 1-2 • Trace the growth of psychology.

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