Understanding DNA Mutations: Impact on Traits and Protein Coding
In this lesson, we explore the role of DNA and its nitrogen bases in coding proteins essential for determining traits such as eye and hair color. Students will work on a counting chromosomal content worksheet, review mutation types like substitution, insertion, and deletion, and understand how these mutations occur during DNA replication and cell division. Examples and practice exercises will clarify how mutations can lead to changes in traits, emphasizing their potential benefits, harm, or neutrality.
Understanding DNA Mutations: Impact on Traits and Protein Coding
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Warm Up Activity Quietly work on the “counting chromosomal content” worksheet. (5 minutes)
Question? What does DNA code for?
ANSWER • The nitrogen bases found in DNA code for the proteins your body makes. Those proteins determine what traits you will have. (Eye color, hair color etc..)
Agenda • Chocolate chip cookie recipes • Notes on mutations • Mutations Worksheet
Crossing Over Crossing Over = The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes occurs during meiosis and contributes to genetic variability
Let’s Review • Replication = copying DNA • DNA Proteins Traits • If the DNA is “wrong” it can make the wrong proteins which will code for the wrong traits.
Mutations of DNA = occurs during Replication of DNA or Cell Division
MUTATIONS DURING REPLICATION • Mutations in DNA will cause a change in Protein. • A change in the protein will cause a change in Traits. ex: hair color, eye color
There are different types of mutations: • Substitution • Insertion (sometimes repeated) • Deletion/omission
Example of Substitution • The/car/hit/the/cat • Substitute a p or the r • The/cap/hit/the/cat
Example of Insertion • The/car/hit/the/cat • Insert a letter • The/aca/rhi/tth/eca/t
Example of Deletion • The/car/hit/the/cat • Delete a letter • The/cah/itt/hec/at
These mutations cause: • harm: Change in the protein • benefit: Change in the protein • no effect: No change in the protein
MUTATIONS DURING CELL DIVISION • During Mitosis – mutations will effect body cells • During Meiosis – mutations have the potential to be passed on to offspring
Let’s Practice • Original strands: A C T C T G A G • After Replication: A C T C T G A G A What type of mutation is this?
Original strands: A C T C T G A G • After Replication: A C T C T G A T What type of mutation is this?
Original strands: A C T C T G A G • After Replication: A C T C T G A G T What type of mutation is this?
Overall, the organism is either harmed, benefits or has no effect from a DNA mutation.
