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Types of chemical reactions – Part A

Types of chemical reactions – Part A. Dr. Chin Chu River Dell Regional High School. Chemical changes (reactions). 2H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O. 2NaOH( aq ) + CuCl2( aq )  2NaCl( aq ) + Cu(OH)2(s). Cu + 2AgNO 3  2Ag + Cu(NO 3 ) 2. NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 OH. NH 4 NO 3 (s)  N 2 O(g) + 2H 2 O(g).

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Types of chemical reactions – Part A

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  1. Types of chemical reactions – Part A Dr. Chin Chu River Dell Regional High School

  2. Chemical changes (reactions) 2H2 + O22H2O 2NaOH(aq) + CuCl2(aq)  2NaCl(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s) Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2 NH3 + H2O  NH4OH NH4NO3(s)  N2O(g) + 2H2O(g) How could we get a handle on those changes?

  3. Organization of chemical reactions ® O + C C O O O C + O2 CO2 • Chemical reactions are merely rearrangements of atoms into different combinations called compounds. There got to be some patterns that can be categorized into different types.

  4. Unit objectives • There are millions of reactions. • Can’t remember them all. • Fall into several categories. • Will learn 5 types. • Will be able to predict the products. • For some we will be able to predict whether they will happen at all. • Will recognize them by the reactants

  5. exercise Balancing the following chemical equations: aluminum(s) + iodine(s)  aluminum iodide(s) sulfur trioxide + water  sulfuric acid (H2SO4) lithium oxide + water  lithium hydroxide Do you see the patterns?

  6. Synthesis reactions • Called also combination reactions • General Equation: A + B ® AB • Animation: • 2 elements, or compounds combine to make one compound. • Mg +O2® MgO • SO2 + H2O ® H2SO3

  7. Types of Synthesis Reactions • Combination of elements Element + element ® compound • 2Hg + O2® 2HgO • 9Mg + 3N2® 3Mg3N2 Nonmetalic Oxides + water ® acid • SO2 + H2O ® H2SO3 • P4O10 + 6H2O ® 4H3PO4

  8. Types of Synthesis reactions • Metalic oxides + water ® base • MgO + H2O ® Mg(OH)2 • Na2O + H2O ® 2NaOH • Metallic oxides + nonmetallic oxide ® salt • MgO + CO2® MgCO3 • CaO + SiO2® CaSiO3

  9. exercise Watch the following video clips and write balanced equations: 1. Thermal decomposition of copper(II) nitrate When heated, solid copper(II) nitrate decomposes into copper(II) oxide, nitrogen dioxide and water vapor. 2. Thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate When heated, solid zinc carbonate decomposes into solid zinc oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Do you see the patterns?

  10. Decomposition reactions Substances break apart. • General Form: AB ® A + B • Animation: • Decomposition reactions are reverse of synthesis, with exceptions.

  11. Decomposition reactions Special Cases • Metal Chlorate ® metal chloride + oxygen 2KClO3®2KCl + 3O2 • Metal bicarbonate ® metal oxide + carbon dioxide + water 2NaHCO3® Na2O + 2CO2 + H2O

  12. Decomposition reactions Special Cases • Most oxides are stable, only few decompose: 2HgO ® Hg + O2 • Electrolysis of molten salt (decomposition by electricity) is the only means for decomposition for some substances: 2H2O ® 2H2 + O2 2NaCl ® 2Na + Cl2

  13. demos The methane bubble The perfect combution (ethanol) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lb-KB_BshUc&NR=1 Burning of methanol Do you see the patterns?

  14. Combustion reactions • A compound composed of only C, H and maybe O is reacted with oxygen • If the combustion is complete, the products will be CO2 and H2O. • If the combustion is incomplete, the products will be CO and H2O.

  15. exercises • C4H10 + O2® (complete combustion) • C4H10 + O2® (incomplete combustion) • C6H12O6 + O2® (complete combustion) • C8H8 +O2® (incomplete combustion)

  16. More exercises • Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of each of these compounds. a) acetic acid, HC2H3O2 c) glycerol, C3H8O3 b) decane, C10H22 d) sucrose, C12H22O11 • Write a balanced equation for the incomplete combustion of each of these compounds. a) glycerol, C3H8O3 c) acetic acid, HC2H3O2 b) glucose, C6H12O6 d) acetylene, C2H2

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