Social Studies Assessment

1. Social Studies Assessment Review

2. Dawn Donegan – 6th grade teacher at Santa Fe Trail • Edited a little by Deb Brown K-12 Social Studies Specialist.

3. Civics - Government

4. Rights & Responsibilities • Family (fair share) • Peer Group (speak & listen) • School (learn & share) • Local Government (safety) • State Government (education) • National Government (military protection, vote) Changes in laws must be passed by cities.

5. American Republican System • Liberty = freedom, individual rights • Justice = how we uphold responsibilities • Equality of opportunity = equal chance for success • Human dignity = basic human rights

6. Individual Liberty • Often called “Freedom of Speech” • You are each entitled to your own ideas. • You are allowed to disagree with the freedoms of others, as long as it doesn’t promote breaking of any laws

7. 3 Branches of Government Executive – carries our the laws Legislative – Makes the laws Judicial – interprets & enforces laws

8. Rules and Laws Give us safety and order. Help with organization. Allows equality for people.

9. Evaluating Rules & Laws • Common good = what you do for the good of yourself, others or the situation. • Individual rights = what you do that is good and right for you.

10. Republic • Run by Chief of State • Citizens elect officials • The U.S. has this • The ancient Romans finally got this after the last king was forced to leave

11. President of the United States Head of all military forces Enforces the laws of the Constitution Commander in-Chief

12. Voting • You must be 18 years old to vote. • The Constitution tells this information. • It is called Amendment 26

13. Government ruled by the people Usually a majority rules “of the people, by the people and for the people!” Democracy

14. Monarchy • Ruled by a King or Queen • Usually called the “Royal Family” • The monarchy is not elected, you are born into or marry into the family. • You rule for life (ie.. Until you die) • Examples: Great Britain (Queen )

15. Sales Tax • Pays for the cost of running the government. • Varies from state to state • Varies from city to city • All citizens must pay • Added to the cost of something that you buy

16. Economics

17. Buying and Selling • The U.S. buys clothing, toys, cars and oil from other countries. This is called IMPORTING. • The U.S. sells cars, crops and clothing to other countries. This is called EXPORTING. . .

18. Trading Countries trade with each other because they both have something that their people (consumers) want to buy They want to make as much money as they can. They try to make or purchase the goods as cheaply as they can. That way they can sell them for more money. The are looking for a profit!

19. Buying and Selling • Why do we import goods from other countries if we can make those same goods in our own country? • The goods are often less expensive to the consumers because they are less expensive to make in other countries. • This provides more profit to the company.

20. Taxes, taxes and more taxes • Why do Americans pay taxes? • Tax dollars are what pays for the government to provide services to us. • Everything the government does must be paid for. For instance, protecting the people, public schools, highways and roads. • What other services does our government provide?

21. Local Taxes • The taxes you pay get divided between your local government , state and the federal government. • Local taxes pay for your schools, roads, police, city museums, firefighters, teachers, libraries and much, much more! Taxes provide government services.

22. Federal Taxes • A set amount of every tax dollar you spend goes to Washington, D.C. • That money pays for your military security, government building, and many other programs. • Every government job is paid with tax dollars.

23. Cost • Cost is what you give up in order to do something. • There is usually a cost for everything. • Cost is not always measured in dollars.

24. Benefit • Benefit is what you get for doing something. • Not all benefits are tangible items you can hold in your hand. • Benefits are usually not measured in dollar amount.

25. Cost & Benefit Examples • I promised my neighbor I would baby-sit Friday night before I knew my best friend was having a birthday party. • Cost is missing the fun party my friends are all going to. • Benefit is making $20.00 babysitting

26. Cost and Benefit • Cost and Benefit is all about making choices! • Doing my homework on a regular basis • Cost = spending a lot of time doing this. • Benefit = good grades, I feel great about myself, my parents are proud!

27. Opportunity Cost • What you give up to get something else. • Example: Your Sister lets you borrow her new clothes for the party Friday night. • You realize you have to baby-sit because you promised your neighbor. • Your opportunity cost is not going to the party!

28. Economic Interdependence • Economic refers to money • Dependence refers to needing something from someone else. • Inter means between 2 people or groups.

29. Economic Interdependence • The U.S. buys many cars from Japan. • Japan does not agree with some decisions the U.S. has made. • They decide to increase the price of the import (cars). • They decide to sell less cars to the U.S.

30. Economic Interdependence (continued) • The economic interdependence is the sale of the cars with the new conditions • We need them to get the cars. • They enjoy having our money but they are able to call the shots. • We are dependent on them even if we don’t like the new price.

31. Geography

32. Unlimited Wants andLimited Resources • You desire to have many things in life. • Your resources are limited. • You buy only what you can afford.

33. Physical Characteristics

34. Physical Characteristics Cont.

35. Similarities • The Kansas plains and Rocky Mountains both have.. • Land that is good for farming • Land that grows crops well

36. Human Characteristics that Shape the Regions • Mining East coast • Farming Midwest • Manufacturing East coast • Migration east to west • Settlement Western U.S. • Road & RR building Northeast Many forests destroyed when cities were developed & built.

37. Climate / Settlement • Areas that are colder have less people • People desire warm climates • Antarctica, Greenland and Arctic Circle have the coldest climates • These places all have harsh conditions

38. Earth • Physical Features mountains, rivers, deserts • Political Features countries, cities, capitols

39. Distribution Patterns Desert = Australia, Africa, North & South America Mountain = South America, Asia, North America Prairie = Midwest Forest = North America, Europe Wetland = North America (Florida) Tundra = Antarctica, Arctic Circle

40. East coast Appalachian Mountains West coast Rocky Mountain Mountain Ranges

41. Map Essentials • Scale - what you use to measure distance • Directional indicators – N, S, E, W sometimes called the compass rose • Symbols - shows specific info. on map (river, lake, canal, waterfall, dam, wetland, ice cap, mountain, highway, city) • Legend – also called the key • Latitude – lines marking direction north and south of the equator • Longitude – lines marking direction east and west of the Prime Meridian

42. What is a wetland? • Land that is very moist • Often covered with water • Florida Everglades are wetlands

43. U.S. History

44. George Washington was the first president of the United States President

45. American Revolution Causes Taxation without representation Stamp Act Colonial Grievances No voice in Britain. British were making decisions for them. They had no representation in England British Policies Left colonists alone for a long time. After French-Indian War they needed dept paid. They began taxing everything they could.

46. Stamp Act • The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament in1765. • The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used.

47. Stamp Act • Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed. • The money collected by the Stamp Act was to be used to help pay the costs of defending and protecting the American frontier near the Appalachian Mountains (10,000 troops were to be stationed on the American frontier for this purpose).

48. Declaration of Independence 13 colonies declared themselves free from Britain It was also a formal declaration (statement) of war against England.

49. Declaration of Independence • Individual person is the focus. • People are created equal from • the beginning • People are born with certain rights • Government gets it’s power from the elected, who get power from the people

50. Revolutionary War • The U.S. went to war with England. • They won the war. • Their achieved independence from England or “the British” with this victory!