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Clinical Psychology Unit 4

Clinical Psychology Unit 4. Describe the features and symptoms of Schizophrenia. CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA. Learning objectives. You must: Identify two or more clinical characteristics of schizophrenia

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Clinical Psychology Unit 4

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  1. Clinical Psychology Unit 4 Describe the features and symptoms of Schizophrenia

  2. CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICSOF SCHIZOPHRENIA

  3. Learning objectives • You must: • Identify two or more clinical characteristics of schizophrenia • Know and explain differences in the prevalence of this disorder in different populations • You should: • Explain the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 • You could also: • Outline the difficulties when making a diagnosis

  4. WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? • Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality • It is a psychotic disorder characterized by the loss of contact with reality • It has many different manifestations with a few shared features • formerly referred to as: • Lunacy, madness or insanity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWaFqw8XnpA

  5. CLASSIFICATION • POSITIVE SYMPTOMS – TYPE 1 • Distortion of normal function • NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS – TYPE 2 • Lack of normal function Delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, under the control of an alien force, disordered thinking Apathy, no emotion, flat effect, social withdrawal, Alogia

  6. EVALUATION • Positive symptoms • Can be affected by cultural differences • Tend to have greater weight when diagnosing • Hard to measure objectively • Negative symptoms • Start before positive ones • Sometimes start years before diagnosis • Less affected by cultural factors • More objectively measured

  7. SUB TYPES • PARANOID • Delusions, persecution, hallucinations • CATATONIC • Immobile, catatonic stupors • Wild, uncontrolled movements • DISORGANISED • Giggling, pulling faces, flat effect. • RESIDUAL • low level positive symptoms but psychotic symptoms present • UNDIFFERENTIATED • Does not fit into any of above There are more than these but these are the main ones

  8. Cut and Stick activity

  9. EVALUATION OF SUBTYPES • Lacks precision • People don’t fit neatly into one or other subtype • Categorising people gives little or no indication of: • Cause • How it might develop • Effective treatment

  10. DIAGNOSIS Requires two or more POSITIVE symptoms For a period of at least a month • Can only be done by a psychiatrist • As yet there is no physical way to diagnose • Current research is looking at blood test or eye tracking

  11. Schizophrenia prevalence • 1% lifetime risk in general population • Holds true for most geographical areas although rates do vary • Abnormally high in Southern Ireland, Croatia; significantly lower rates in Italy, Spain (Torrey, 2002) • Risk factors include minority ethnicity, urban residence

  12. Schizophrenia onset Source: CIHI (2001)

  13. PROGNOSIS • ‘Rule of the thirds’ (rule of thumb): • 1/3 recover more or less completely • 1/3 episodic impairment • 1/3 chronic decline • With treatment about 60% of patients manage a relatively normal life • Prognosis better in non-industrialised societies

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