Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

1. Using Alcohol and Other Drugs Classifying Drugs

2. Psychoactive Drugs • Chemical substances that serve to alter mood, thought processes and/or behavior. • Substances used to manage illness.

4. Classifying Drugs • Therapeutic vs. Non-therapeutic • Legal vs. Illegal • Recreational vs. medicinal • Mechanism of action • Behavioral Effects

5. Classifying Drugs • Ultimately as practiced the classification of drugs is political/social as much as it is scientific. • Two main classifications • Scheduling • Behavioral Effects

6. Drug Schedule • Current schedule system has 5 schedules based on: • Safety • Medical Use • Abuse Potential

7. Schedule I • Includes heroin, LSD, and marijuana • The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. • The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. • There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.

8. Schedule II • Includes morphine, used as a pain-killer, and cocaine, used as a topical anesthetic • The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. • The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. • Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.

9. Schedule III • Includes anabolic steroids and Marinol. • The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in Schedules I and II. • The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. • Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.

10. Schedule IV • Includes Valium and other tranquilizers • The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III. • The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. • Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III.

11. Schedule V • Includes codeine-containing analgesics. • The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV. • The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.. • Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV.

12. Behavioral Effects Classification • Classified by effects on behavior and/or central nervous system • Depressants • Stimulants • Opiates • Psychedelics

13. Stimulants • Stimulate CNS leading to increases in physiological processes and motor behavior • Cocaine – Illegal, Therapeutic • Amphetamine – Illegal, Therapeutic • Caffeine – Legal, Non-therapeutic • Nicotine – Lgal, Non-therapeutic

14. Depressants • Depress CNS activity leading to decreased physiological activity and sedation • Alcohol – Legal, Non-therapeutic • Barbiturates, Legal, Therapeutic • Benzodiazepines Legal, Therapeutic

15. Opiates • Act as agonists on endorphin and enkephalin receptors leading to pain suppression, feelings of euphoria, well-being, and respiratory depression • Heroin – Illegal, Therapeutic • Codeine – Legal, Therapeutic • Morhphine – Legal, Therapeutic • Vicodan, Percocet, etc. – Legal, Therapeutic

16. Psychedelcis • Alter mood state and perception via action on the CNS. Group by convenience. All illegal some with therapeutic use. • Marijuana (THC) • LSD (acid) • Psylocybin (mushrooms) • Phencycledine (PCP)