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Learn about the formation and breakdown of polymers, structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, and the significance of life's organic molecules. Discover the building blocks of life.
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6.3 Section Objectives – page 157 Objectives: • Relate monomers and polymers • Describe how polymers are formed and broken down in organisms. • Describe the basic structure and function of carbohydrates. • Describe the structure and function of lipids.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Life’s Large Molecules • Life’s molecules = Organic = Carbon. • Carbon compounds vary greatly in size. • Straight chains, branched chains, or rings. • 4 types: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Polymers • Small molecules (monomers) bond together to form long chains called polymers.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Building Polymers • Monomers are added to a chain by releasing a water molecule. • Dehydration reaction (synthesis).
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Breaking Polymers • Cells break bonds between monomers by adding water • Hydrolysis reaction
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 “Carbs” • Acarbohydrateis an organic molecule composed of C, H, and O with a ratio of about 1: 2: 1. • Main fuel supply for cellular work.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Carbohydrate Forms • A single carbohydrate monomer is called amonosaccharide(ie. glucose, fructose, galactose) • 2 sugar monomers is a disaccharide (sucrose = glucose + fructose).
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Carbohydrate Forms • Polysaccharides are polymers composed of many monosaccharide monomers. (ie. starch, glycogen, cellulose) • Energy storage or support. • Hydrophilic.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Lipids • Lipidsare large organic molecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen. (ie. fats, oils, waxes) • Hydrophobic • Function: boundaries, messengers, stored energy.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Lipids • Fats: 3 carbon backbone + 3 fatty acid chains. • saturated and unsaturated • stored energy • Steroids: 4 fused rings. • hormones, support
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Reconnect to Objectives • How are monomers and polymers related? • How are polymers formed? • How are polymers broken down? • What is a carbohydrate? • What is a lipid?