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“ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF REDUCED LOSS TRANSFORMERS: Experiences in Spain"

“ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF REDUCED LOSS TRANSFORMERS: Experiences in Spain". 14 th May 2003. J.Frau Spain Session 5 – Block 1.2. Contents. Introduction Loss saving potential in MV/LV transformers Regulation: Incentives or Dis-Incentives? -Spanish market-

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“ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF REDUCED LOSS TRANSFORMERS: Experiences in Spain"

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  1. “ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF REDUCED LOSS TRANSFORMERS: Experiences in Spain" 14th May 2003 J.Frau Spain Session 5 – Block 1.2

  2. Contents • Introduction • Loss saving potential in MV/LV transformers • Regulation: Incentives or Dis-Incentives? -Spanish market- • A-TOC methodology ENDESA: Profitability analysis • EFFITRAFO: Endesa’s analysis tool • CONCLUSIONS

  3. 1.- INTRODUCTION (I) • 2% of PGEN Losses in Distribution Transformers • Dispersed massive effect + 60 Mtransformers/world + 18 nuclear PS/world • Spainlosses > 2500 GWh/year in MV/LV transformers > 95 M€/year • > 50 TWh EU • > 60 TWh USA

  4. 1.- INTRODUCTION (II) ENDESA DISTRIBUCIÓN - 2001

  5. 1.- INTRODUCTION (III)

  6. LOSSES IN MV/LV Transformers

  7. STANDARD LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS (Europe 428 –Oil-filled up to 24 kV) Load Pvar (W) No-load Po (W) Standard levels of losses HD 428 A (W) B (W) C (W) A’ (W) B’ (W) C’ (W) 50 100 160 250 400 630 1000 1600 2500 Rated power 1100 1750 2350 3250 4600 6500 10500 17000 26500 1350 2150 3100 4200 6000 8400 2000 20000 32000 875 1475 2000 2750 3850 5400 9500 14000 22000 190 320 460 650 930 1300 1700 2600 3800 145 260 375 530 750 1030 1400 2200 3200 125 210 300 425 610 860 1100 1700 2500 kVA ENDESA Reference of efficiency: C-C’ 2.- LOSS SAVING POTENTIAL in MV/LV TRANSFORMERS Loss saving potential for “inventory” Loss saving for 1 year (new incorporations) * D-D’ transformer = hypothetical unit reduced by 15% respect to C-C’. 1 year potential saving ~ 7 GWh Hypothesis 2001: Load factor = 42% hequi. losses = 3050

  8. EU Governments committed to reducing CO2 emissions (Kyoto) 22% of the demand for electrical energy (EU) RENEWABLES Target for reducing CO2 in Transport ? Target for reducing CO2 in T & D ? 3.- REGULATION:Incentives or Dis-Incentives ? CLIMATE CHANGE Challenge - Deregulation trends Lower investment cost approach (short-term thinking) Life expansion of existing assets

  9. “Pool” system OMEL (marginal schedule price) • Contribution of different MARKETS: SPANISH MARKET CASE (I) 0,459 3,158 0,250 -0,001 -0,008 Power guarantee Average final price + + + + Intra-day Other Dayly Operation = = 3,859 c€/kWh (2001) ~ 81% ~ 13% ~ 6%

  10. (*) Until March. SPANISH MARKET CASE (II) Price sensitivity analysis 1999-2003 Dayly Market Price evolution (cent €/kWh) (> 80% of final price) HIGH anual deviations !

  11. % revenue from loss reduction 100 50 0 years 8 Saving NPV = -Investment + Σ n (1+i) n=1 CONCLUSIONS FROM THE SPANISH MARKET High sensitivity of the TRUE COST of losses = f (market) No correlation between cost of losses and incentives Benefits of loss reduction are transferred to the customers: • UK : 10 years • ENDESA Spain : 8 years

  12. 4.- Adapted TOC methodology ENDESA (I) IEEE TOC = Ci + A.Po + B.PC A: Cost per rated W of no-load losses B: Cost per rated W of load losses Ci: Initial capital cost (purchase) of the transformer ENDESA TOCadapt = Ci + R .A.Po. KTD + R .B.PC. KTD R = = KTD: Parameter for losses upstream (T & D networks) NENDESA + NCOSTUMERS NTOTAL R.D. 1955/2000 NENDESA NENDESA

  13. Distribution area “X” NTOTAL R Indirect INCENTIVE for Utilities R = = f (market, distribution area) NENDESA Ratio R - example MV/LV TRANSFORMERS - ENDESA

  14. CALCULATION of A and B parameters (I) A Unit owning cost for NO-LOAD losses • 8.760 hours connected • Average energy price over 1 year (3,859 cent€/kWh in 2001) B Unit owning cost for LOAD losses • Price = f (moment in which the loss was produced) • Average weighted price = Load curve2 x schedule price (4,256 cent€/kWh in 2001) CONCLUSION Efficient transformers are more profitable if the peak load of the transformer is produced when there is a high energy price in the NATIONAL market.

  15. CALCULATION of A and B parameters (II) Results 2001 A = 114.883 cent €/W B = 5.402 cent €/W Sensitivity analysis • Energy price • Number of years for loss flow (regulation) • Degree of saturation of transformer • Upgrading rate • Growth in demand

  16. Maximum acceptable extracost for efficient C-C’ transformers with respect to the best A-A’ offer RESULTS For every distribution zone of ENDESA and kind of market - RURAL - URBAN - INDUSTRIAL - TURISTIC - CONFIDENTIAL -

  17. ENERGY EMISSION PROFITABILITY SAVINGS SAVINGS ANALYSIS EFFITRAFO

  18. Efficient transformers NOT justified with actual spanish regulation (in general) • Wrong signal to invest in efficiency when removing or sharing benefits in less than 15 years • Small incentive in Spain thanks to R parameter (R.D. 1955/2000) • Uncertainty of profitability analysis due to high sensitivity of involved parameters (years, price curve,...) = (regulation, market,...) • Asymmetrical treatment “RENEWABLES versus EFFICIENCY” (only domestic appliances) under-estimation of losses reduction • Need of special incentives to promote efficient transformers 6.- CONCLUSIONS

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