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Ontological diversity and spatial language

Ontological diversity and spatial language. John Bateman University of Bremen. Representations of Space. ontology Foundational Ontologies. Qualitative Spatial Reasoning + Representation. Linguistics. physical mathematical Geometry. R 3. BFO. DOLCE. GFO. RCC. DC. OPRA. 9+.

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Ontological diversity and spatial language

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  1. Ontological diversity and spatial language John Bateman University of Bremen

  2. Representations of Space ontology Foundational Ontologies QualitativeSpatialReasoning + Representation Linguistics physical mathematical Geometry R3 BFO DOLCE GFO RCC DC OPRA 9+ GUM-Space ? ? ? ? ? ? ‘alignment’

  3. Many perspectives on ‘reality’: many ontologies Ontologically diverse space-1 event time space-2 linguistic ‘view’ event

  4. Grammar and Semantics OntoSpace/DiaSpace • Describing how spatial language is actually used according to • the literature • our controlled experiments • Formulating an abstract linguistic semantics for spatial expressions in general • Using principles from ontological engineering and heterogeneity for guidance

  5. Grouping of spatial relations expressed linguistically OntoSpace/DiaSpace Tenbrink (2005, 2006)

  6. Generalized Upper Model : Version 3 (2004-) OntoSpace/DiaSpace Now extended particularly for dealing with spatial language spatial language http://www.ontospace.uni-bremen.de

  7. Generalized Upper Model Spatial Modalities http://www.ontospace.uni-bremen.de OntoSpace/DiaSpace Joana Hois, Robert Ross, Thora Tenbrink, John Bateman

  8. Defining spatial commitments OntoSpace/DiaSpace • linguistic semantics • (all and) only the commitments licensed by the linguistic constructions employed spatial linguistic semantics

  9. I5-[DiaSpace] I1-[OntoSpace] Linguistic ontology view hp o > details of the axiomatization lexicogrammatical system

  10. Definition and use of the linguistic ontology OntoSpace/DiaSpace • Linked to lexicogrammar and syntax by firm constraints on possible constructions • Linked to more detailed semantics via axiomatization • The categories of the ontology provide a ‘public’ class-subclass-role organization that hides many details of semantics • The semantics of natural language expressions is then envisaged as ‘composition’ of the various spatial theories they invoke.

  11. hp o oriented path driving along the roadto Bremen on the right is a church > route graph half-planes physical object occupying a region Combining theories for semantic interpretation

  12. I5-[DiaSpace] I1-[OntoSpace] Interpretation “utterance” Generalised Upper Model grammatical + semantic analysis linguistic spatial semantics contextualisation contextualised interpretation

  13. Issues for a spatial natural language semantics • Needs to connect classes of expressions with classes of axiomatised theories whose domains are abstract and not yet related to ‘real’ space (cf. Eschenbach, Zwarts, ...) • Relation of linguistic evidence to formal properties? (cf. Mossakowski/Wölfl) • Relations of abstract linguistic spatial theories to non-linguistic spatial theories (models of space) – heterogeneous ontologies? (cf. Kutz/Hois) • Relations of abstract linguistic spatial theories to embodiment/simulations?

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