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Roots of British Culture

Roots of British Culture. Apprenticeships. What is an Apprenticeship. Definition: A person, bound by legal agreement, to work for another for a specific amount of time in return for instruction in a trade, art or business. Apprenticeships today. .

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Roots of British Culture

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  1. Roots of British Culture Apprenticeships

  2. What is an Apprenticeship Definition:A person, bound by legal agreement, to work for another for a specific amount of time in return for instruction in a trade, art or business. Apprenticeships today. Apprenticeships in Britain started back in the Middle Ages and although they have changed with the times, the idea of working and learning at the same time has continued to the present day. A group of apprentices from the late 1940's/early 50's. An apprentice apothecary

  3. Apprenticeships in the Middle Ages • In the middle ages, training that was not connected to a trade or craft was almost non-existent. • Apprenticeships were first formalised in 1563: • 7 years training required before someone could enter a trade • ‘Masters’ not allowed more than 3 apprentices at any time • Apprentices lived with masters and were fed and clothed by them • Apprentices would pay masters a ‘registration’ fee, the amount would depend on the cost of the materials the apprentice would be working with and the wages in the particular industry. • The fee meant that the very poorest children were not able to access training to get into most of the trades. • Apprenticeships were mainly offered to boys but there were some apprenticeships for girls in crafts such as seamstress (another word for dressmaker), tailor (sewing men’s clothing), cordwainer (someone who makes shoes), baker and stationer.

  4. Most apprentices aspired to become master craftsmen with their own workshops on completion of their contract (usually seven years). • It was not easy for apprentices to become master craftsmen and many would spend a long time as a journeyman once their apprenticeship was finished. • A significant proportion of apprentices didn’t manage to become masters. • Journeyman: • A journeyman is someone who has completed an apprenticeship and is fully educated in a trade/craft, but is not yet a master. The journeyman would work for a master and would be paid by his master. Master and Apprentice sculpture (Edinburgh)

  5. Apprenticeships were controlled by ‘guilds’. • A guild was an association of artisans/merchants who controlled the how their craft operated in a particular town. • The guilds were organised in a manner something between a professional association, trade union, a cartel and a secret society. • The guilds were usually able to force the flow of trade towards their members and away from craftsmen who were not members. Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece the Mona Lisa. He was an apprentice. • A master: • Somebody wanting to be a master would start as an apprentice, then become a journeyman and finally apply to a guild to become a master craftsman. • To join the guild the journeyman would have to pay a sum of money and show a masterpiece. • If the masterpiece was not accepted by the masters of the guild, the journeyman would not be allowed to join.

  6. Famous British Apprentices Alexander McQueen He was a famous and highly respected fashion designer that started out as an apprentice tailor. Billy Connolly Connolly left school at the age of 15 to start an apprenticeship as a welder in a shipyard. He went on to be a successful comedian, actor and author. Sir Alex Ferguson He was an apprentice tool worker on a shipyard (the same shipyard in Glasgow as Billy Connolly). Eric Clapton Eric Clapton is known as one of the best ‘pop’ guitarists ever. Eric Clapton completed a vocational course in stained glass design before turning to music.

  7. Famous British Apprentices Gordon Ramsay The successful TV chef started his career as a catering apprentice. Jamie Oliver The influential chef started out as an apprentice in catering. He is a campaigner for healthy eating and school dinners. John Frieda John Frieda is a celebrity hairdresser who started his career with an apprenticeship in hairdressing. Ross Brawn Ross Brawn was an engineer apprentice and is now the F1 team boss for the Mercedes GP F1 team. Did you notice that the ‘famous’ apprentices are all men. Nowadays half of all apprentices are women.

  8. Modern ApprenticeshipsEarn while you learn • Apprenticeships give young people the • opportunity to work, earn a salary and gain • a real qualification whilst acquiringvaluable workplace skills and experience. • Anyone living in England who is over 16 years old can apply to be an apprentice. • Apprenticeships take between one and four years to complete. • There are over 1,500 apprentice job roles, in a range of industries, from engineering to financial advice, veterinary nursing to accountancy. • So the choices you have when you leave school are to: • go to college and continue to study there • go to university • get an apprenticeship and work and learn at the same time.

  9. Modern DayApprenticeships Apprentices earn more: In their lifetime, qualified apprentices will, according to research, earn £150,000 more than their peers who failed to take the workplace learning route. Apprentices are good for the economy: For every £1 spent on developing an apprentice, £18 is invested back into the economy. Apprentices gain valuable qualifications: Apprenticeships can lead to degree, postgraduate and professional qualifications and are a real alternative to university. Apprentices: Apprentices not only earn while they learn they are also more likely to stay in work throughout their life, contribute taxes to boost the economy, be active in their communities and to live longer. National Audit Office data.

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