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Growing Healthy Brambles

Growing Healthy Brambles. Anne DeMarsay Regional Specialist, Fruit Pathology Maryland Cooperative Extension Upper Marlboro, MD. What Is A “Bramble”?. Any plant belonging to the genus Rubus Member of the rose family (Rosaceae) Close relatives include strawberry and rose

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Growing Healthy Brambles

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  1. Growing Healthy Brambles Anne DeMarsay Regional Specialist, Fruit Pathology Maryland Cooperative Extension Upper Marlboro, MD

  2. What Is A “Bramble”? • Any plant belonging to the genus Rubus • Member of the rose family (Rosaceae) • Close relatives include strawberry and rose • More distant relatives include apple and pear • Brambles have perennial crowns with biennial shoots • 1st year primocanes grow vegetatively • 2nd year floricanes bear fruit and die

  3. Bramble Types • Red raspberries (includes gold/yellow) • Floricane-bearing (summer) raspberries bear fruit on 2nd year canes • Primocane-bearing (fall or everbearing) raspberries bear fruit on 1st year canes • Black raspberries • Purple raspberries (black/red hybrid) grown like black • Blackberries • Thorny • Thornless

  4. Viral Diseases Raspberry Mosaic Disease Complex(BR/RR, aphids) Tomato Ringspot(RR, nematodes) Raspberry Leaf Curl(BR/RR, aphids)

  5. Bacterial Diseases Crown & Cane Gall Fire Blight

  6. Fungal Diseases • Soilborne diseases • Cane blights • Orange rust • Powdery mildew • Fruit rots

  7. Phytophthora Root Rot Verticillium Wilt Soilborne Diseases

  8. Cane Blights Botrytis Cane Blight Sclerotia Anthracnose

  9. Cane Blights Cane Blight Spur Blight(RR)

  10. Orange RustBB/BR

  11. Powdery Mildew

  12. Fruit Rots Spores Botrytis Fruit Rot(Gray Mold)

  13. Fruit Rots Late Leaf Rust(RR)

  14. Growing Healthy Brambles • Managing bramble diseases requires using a “toolkit” with many different tools • Suitable varieties: Choose varieties adapted to your site, with disease resistance where possible • Healthy stock: Buy clean, virus-indexed plants from a reputable source • Sound cultural practices from site selection through postharvest handling of fruit • Appropriate chemical controls: Use a season-long protectant fungicide program for diseases that respond to chemical controls

  15. Why Cultural Practices? • First line of defense against all pathogens—and the only control for some • Objectives • Reduce or eliminate the pathogen population • Create an environment that discourages infection and disease development • Improve the effectiveness of fungicides by allowing better penetration and coverage

  16. Choose a Favorable Site • Excellent drainage—no wet feet! • Full sun • Air circulation that promotes rapid drying of plants • Plant rows in the direction of prevailing winds if possible • In warmer areas, plant brambles on north-facing slopes to avoid solar heating in winter

  17. Choose a Favorable Site • Compatible cropping history • No history of Phytophthora root rot • No history of Verticillium wilt (5–10 yrs) or recent planting of susceptible crops (brambles, strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, potatoes) • No recent history of crown gall (2–3 yrs) • No nearby bramble plantings or wild brambles that cannot be removed (500–1000-foot buffer) • Be aware of any residual herbicides

  18. Prepare the Site • Test for soil organic matter (4–6% is ideal) and add “green manure” or compost as needed • Test for harmful nematodes (dagger and root-lesion nematodes) • Reduce populations by biorenovation with rapeseed (1 or 2 crops) or fumigation • Control perennial weeds

  19. Prepare the Site • Create raised beds to improve drainage • Remove any wild brambles and wild (multiflora) roses within 500 to 1000 feet • When replanting, consider crop rotation to reduce populations of soilborne pathogens and nematodes

  20. After Planting • Manage the canopy density (plant spacing, row width, and cane length) to speed drying • Avoid excessive fertilization • Increases drying time in plant canopy • High N can promote gray mold (Botrytis) • Inspect the planting for disease and injury • Rogue (remove) plants with symptoms of orange rust or viruses • Avoid injuring plants during field operations

  21. After Planting • Control weeds, including wild brambles and roses • Speeds drying of canopy • Removes reservoir for pathogens and insect pests • Prune only when necessary and in dry weather • After harvest, practice good sanitation • Remove and destroy old fruiting canes and any diseased primocanes • For primocane-bearing brambles, mow and remove all canes

  22. Fungicide Program Overview

  23. Fungicide Program Overview

  24. Fungicide Program Overview

  25. Fungicide Program Overview

  26. Got a Question? Anne DeMarsay, Ph.D. Maryland Cooperative Extension 2005 Largo Road Upper Marlboro, MD 20774-8508 Phone: (301) 627-8440 Email: fruitdr@umd.edu Photo credits Healthy fruit: Edwin Remsberg for UMD AGNR Online Photo Archive Diseases: APS Digital Image Collection, Diseases of Small Fruits

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