STORAGE

1. STORAGE

2. Waste Storage • Including the waste handling, processing, separation and storage. • The type of container use is highly variable depend on the amount of waste generated, the frequency of collection and whether waste separation is mandated. • The most commonly used in Malaysia are the plastic container. • Daily collection 7 – 11 litres • Weekly collection 20 – 30 litres

3. WASTE HANDLING • Refer to theactivities associated with managing solid waste until they are place in the containers used for storage. • The activities will vary depending on: • Type of waste materials are separated • Type of collection service • May also requires to move the loaded containers to the collection point.

4. Residential dwellings • Three categories most often used: • Low-rise dwelling • Under 4 stories • Single family detached • Single family attach • multifamily

5. Cont’…. • Tenants are responsible for placing the containers of solid waste around their dwelling. • Type of container used depend on whether waste separation is mandated. • Home owner will placed the containers filled with wastes to the street curb.

6. Medium-rise • From 4 to 7 stories • Handling methods for Low- and medium-rise Apartment depending on the waste storage location and collection method. • Location of storage include basement storage, outdoor storage, occasionally, compactor storage.

7. High-rise • Over 7 stories • The most common methods are: • Waste are pick up by building maintenance personnel • Waste are taken to the basement/service area by tenants • Waste are placed by the tenants in vertical chute.

8. Cont’…. • Waste discharged in chutes are collected in large containers. • The chutes are available in diameter from 12 to 36 inches (0.3m to 0.9m) and the most common diameter is 24 inches (0.6m). • The use of disinfection and sanitizing unit as recommended.

9. Separation • Separation of waste components including: • Paper • Cardboard • Aluminum can • Glass • plastic containers

10. Cont’…. Factors that must be consider in the onsite storage include • The effects of storage on the waste components. • The type container to be used • The container location • Public health and aesthetics.

11. Cont’…. Effects of storage on the waste components. • Effects of storing wastes include: • Biological decomposition • Waste will immediately start to undergo microbiological decomposition (putrefaction) • If waste are allowed in storage containers for extended period of time, flies will start to breed and odors compounds can develop.

12. Cont’…. • The absorption of fluids • Components of solid waste have differing initial moisture contents, re-equilibration take place. • The moisture will become distributed throughout the waste. • The degree of absorption depend on the length of time. • Waste also can absorb water from rainfall that enter into container.

13. Cont’…. • The contamination of waste components • Major waste components may be contaminated by small amount of waste. • E.g: motor oil, paints, household cleaner. • Effect : reduce the value of the individual waste components for recycling.

14. Types of containers The type and capacities of container used depend on: • the characteristics and type of solid waste to be collected. • type of collection system. • The collection frequency • The space available for placement of containers.

15. Cont’…. Low-rise dwelling (manual curbside collection) • Container should be light enough to handle easily. • Injury to collector have results from handling container that loaded to heavy. • Upper weight limit between 40 to 65lb. • 30 gal. galvanized metal or plastic container is proven the least expensive of storage for low-rise dwelling.

16. Cont’…. • The choice container materials depend on the preferences to the home-owner. • Galvanize metal tend to be noisy when being emptied and can be damage. • Some plastic containers tend to crack under ultraviolet ray and the freezing temperature. • Temporary and disposal containers are routinely used as temporary – remove along the waste. • The problem of temporary containers is difficult to loading them.

17. Cont’…. • The use of all types and different grades of container liners is common. • A disadvantage in the using of liner, if the waste are to be separated by component or they are to be combusted, has to be break up.

18. Cont’…. Low-rise dwelling (mechanized curbside) • The containers are designed specifically to work with the container-unloading mechanism attach to the collection vehicle. • The container size is from about 75 to 120 gallons. 90 gallons container being the most common.

19. Cont’…. Low- & medium-rise apartment • The two most common typeshave beenuse are: • Individual plastic or galvanized metal • Large portable or fix container • The container is kept in enclosed areas which easy access to nearby street. • The containers are equipped with caster or roller

20. Cont’…. High-rise apartment • Where chutes are available separation storage containers are not used. • The most common storage for wastes accumulate from apartment include: • Enclosed storage containers or disposal bags • Large open-top containers for uncompacted waste, bulky items, • Large open-top container for recycle materials.

21. Cont’’…. Commercial facilities • Types of container depend to a large extents the on the methods use of collection • Usually large open-top containers are used for unseparated waste • The use of container equipped with compaction mechanism • Special onsite processing equipment may also be used – recoverable material

22. Cont’’…. Container storage locations • Depend on the type of dwelling or commercial and industrial facilities, available space and access to collection service. Residential dwelling • Low-rise detached dwellings usually are placed • At the sides of rear of the house • In alley • In or next to the garage

23. Commercial & industrial facilities • depend on the location of available space & service access condition • location & type of containers not own by the commercial or industries Solid waste that • The contents of large containers are removed by elevator to the:

24. Cont’’…. • Large storage container • Compactors used in conjunction with storage containers • Stationary compactors • Other processing equipments.

25. Cont’’…. • The older large office & commercial buildings are used inadequate equipment and tend to create handling problem. • All of the office paper is now collected for recycle.

26. Public Health & Aesthetics Public Health • Infestation of vermin & insects – mechanical vectors • Most effective control is proper sanitation. • Use container with tight lids. • The period washing the container • Periodic removal biodegradable materials • Excellent description of solid waste-disease relationship

27. Cont’’…. Aesthetics • Related to the production of odors & un-maintenance of sanitary condition. • Odors can be controlled; • through the use container with tight lids • Reasonable collection frequency. • If odors persist, the contents of the container – spray with the masking deodorant • To maintain aesthetic condition, the container should scrubbed & wash periodically

28. Con’t…. The common communal storage methods used in Asian country include: • Depot • simple enclosure of brick wall • low public health aesthetic value • Commonly found in developing countries

29. Con’t…. • Enclosure • slightly improvised depot within an enclosure around the storage area. • Exposed to rain and causes air pollution and odors • Not suitable in modern society

30. Con’t…. • Fixed storage bins • more appropriate and hygienic • Occasionally, an irrseponsible people tend to burn the refuse in the bin. • If not emptied regularly become threat to human health.

31. Con’t…. • Portable steel bins • commonly used in Malaysia • can be easily loaded/unloaded • Drum • 200 litres drum • provided in some cities in Asia

32. Con’t…. • Concrete pipe Section • Found in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan • Capacity depend on size of pipe • scavengers and animal always messing up the bins

33. THANK YOU