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Evolution of Machine Translation: A Journey from the 1950s to Today

Explore the evolution of machine translation (MT) systems from the 1950s to the present day, as outlined by John Hutchins. Beginning with Weaver’s memorandum in 1949 and the first conference in 1952, the landscape of MT has transformed through military funding, direct translation systems, and interlinguas. The study discusses key milestones, such as ALPAC's 1966 report, the rise of statistical models in the 1990s, and the integration of MT with modern internet technologies. Discover how MT has diversified to support multiple languages and applications in today’s digital age.

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Evolution of Machine Translation: A Journey from the 1950s to Today

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  1. Evolution of Machine Translation: systems and use John Hutchins [http://ourworld.compuserve.com/ homepages/WJHutchins] [E-mail: WJHutchins@compuserve.com]

  2. The beginnings: 1950s and 1960s • Weaver’s memorandum 1949 • First conference, June 1952 • Characteristics of first decades • Military and intelligence funding • Russian/ English concentration • Direct translation systems • Interlinguas • Formal syntax • Bar-Hillel’s survey, 1960 • non-feasibility of FAHQT John Hutchins, MT Summit VIII

  3. The 1970s • ALPAC (1966) • CEC acquires Systran (1976) • Meteo starts (1977) • EC conference “Overcoming the language barrier”, Luxembourg 1977 John Hutchins, MT Summit VIII

  4. The early 1980s • Widening perspectives • Japanese • transfer-based MT (Ariane, Mu, Eurotra) • interlingual MT, knowledge-based MT (CMU, Rosetta, DLT) • Office automation • translation aids, terminology management John Hutchins, MT Summit VIII

  5. The later 1980s • Economics of human-aided MT production • Evaluation (more important) • Controlled language input • Large-scale operations • Software localisation • Software for PCs • database access, terminology software, desktop publishing, telecommunications John Hutchins, MT Summit VIII

  6. The 1990s (1) • Large-scale production systems • Translators workstation • translation memories • Corpus-based methods • statistical, example-based • New technologies • OCR, speech input John Hutchins, MT Summit VIII

  7. The 1990s (2) • Spoken language translation • Cheap PC software • MT on the Internet • email, Web pages, free services • MT as component of: • Information retrieval, summarization, information extraction • Evaluation • quality and usability John Hutchins, MT Summit VIII

  8. Diversification • Systems for dissemination • Systems for assimilation • Systems for interchange • electronic mail, correspondence, Web pages • Use of ‘rough’ MT • Systems for authors: drafts, templates • Language coverage • English, French, German, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, Korean • Arabic, African, Indian, S.E.Asian, E.European, UK minorities John Hutchins, MT Summit VIII

  9. Future system types • MT on WP/Internet software (with speech I/O) • MT via Internet services, multilingual access • Authoring software and MT • Summarisation, information extraction, and MT • MT of television captions/subtitles • Workstation facilities • Custom-built systems • Speech translation John Hutchins, MT Summit VIII

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