Housekeeping • LATE WORK MUST GET IN BEFORE MONDAY! • Permission slips? Turn in ASAP. • Thursday: Study Table in Ms. Sparrow’s room, both lunches • Bring your lunch and questions about ch. 1-3 and in-class material
The Carolingians • Dynasty established by Charles Martel • Officially recognized by Pope through St. Boniface – anointed Pepin the Short (751) • Carolingians became the rightful rulers in Central Europe
Establishment of the Papal States - Pope Stephen II publicly anointed Pepin the Short in 754 - The lands that Pepin defended and won for Rome (threatened by the Lombards) became known as the Papal States
Charles the Great(Charlemagne) • Son of Pepin, he inherited his father’s throne • Strong military AND political leader • Christian public policy • Drew from laws of Church for his own civil legislation • Acted in best interests of Church • Shouldn’t idealize him, though his faults were often from his zeal rather than evil intent
Charlemagne “rescues” the Papal States again • Lombards threatened Rome again • Charlemagne rushed to Rome to bring aid • Granted title “Patrician of Rome” by Pope Adrian I
Charlemagne Crowned Emperor (800) • Charlemagne was crowned ROMAN emperor on Christmas, 800 AD • Meaning: Germans are fully incorporated into Roman civilization • East’s reaction: MAD! West was now ruled by a “barbarian”
Carolingian Renaissance • Emphasized education and artistic excellence • Reinvigorated learning in the West • Better educated clergy and interest in Church led to more missionary activity
IV - The Great SchismThe Emergence of Differences • Eastern and Western Half of Roman Empire • Pope’s Status as chief shepherd minimized • Caesaropapism (see definition) • Secluded Monks
The Trinity, Massaccio, 1428 AD IV - The Great Schism
IV - The Great Schism The Photian Schism (857-867 AD)
IV - The Great Schism From the beginning of the See of Constantinople to the [Photian] schism in 867 the list of these temporary breaches of communion is a formidable one. There were fifty-five years of schism (343-98 AD) during the Arian troubles, eleven because of St. John Chrysostom's deposition (404-15 AD), thirty-five years of the Acacian schism (484-519 AD), forty-one years of Monothelite schism (640-81 AD), sixty-one years because of Iconoclasm. So of these 544 years (323-867 AD) no less than 203 were spent by Constantinople in a state of schism. We notice too that in every one of these quarrels Constantinople was on the wrong side; by the consent of the Orthodox, too, Rome in all stood out for right. 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia “Eastern Schism”
IV - The Great Schism The Great Schism (1054 AD)
IV - The Great Schism Patriarch Michael Cerularius Pope Leo IX (1049-1054 AD)
IV - The Great Schism [SIDEBAR] – Contemporary Efforts to Heal the Schism
IV - The Great SchismVarious Orthodox Patriarchs • His All-Holiness Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople and New Rome, Ecumenical Patriarch • His Beatitude Theodoros II, Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa • His Beatitude Ignatius IV, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East • His Beatitude Theophilus III, Patriarch of the Holy City of Jerusalem and All Palestine • His Beatitude Kyrill, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, • His Holiness Ilia II, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, Archbishop of Mtskheta and Tbilisi • His Holiness Irinej (Gavrilovic), Archbishop of Pec, Metropolitan of Belgrade-Karlovci, Patriarch of Serbia • His Beatitude, Daniel, Patriarch of All Romania, Metropolitan of Ungro-Vlachia, Archbishop of Bucharest • His Holiness Maksim, Patriarch of Bulgaria, Metropolitan of Sofia • His Beatitude Chrysostomos II, Archbishop of New Justiniana and All Cyprus • His Beatitude Ieronymos II, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece • His Beatitude Anastasios, Archbishop of Tirana and All Albania • His Beatitude Sawa, Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland • His Beatitude Christopher, Archbishop of Prague, Metropolitan of the Czech Lands and Slovakia • His Beatitude Jonah, Archbishop of Washington and New York, Metropolitan of All America and Canada
