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Understanding Equilibrium Constants and Their Applications in Chemical Reactions

This guide presents essential concepts regarding equilibrium in chemical reactions, including how to find equilibrium constants (K), solubility constants (Ksp), and the reaction quotient (Q). It discusses the influence of various factors such as volume, pressure, temperature changes, and the addition of reactants, products, or catalysts on equilibrium. It also describes the calculations involved in determining concentrations and the interplay between reactants and products. This foundational knowledge is critical for mastering chemical equilibrium in your studies.

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Understanding Equilibrium Constants and Their Applications in Chemical Reactions

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  1. EQULIBRIUM By: CDT BOSTON & CDT ROCKEMAN SCN 14C

  2. AGENDA • How to find equilibrium constant • How to find solubility using solubility constant • How to use Q to determine if reaction is @ equilibrium • Effect of vol/press/temp change • Effect of adding reactant/product/catalyst

  3. Terms • Reaction quotient (Q)-> reac/prod ratio @ any pt. during reaction • Equlibrium constant (K)-> reac/prod concentration at equilibrium • Equilibrium-> reac/prod conc stop changing w/ time

  4. Equilibrium Constant • K=kfwd/krev=[prod]eq/[reac]eq • Balance the chemical equation • Find the concentration of products and reactants • Multiply conc of all products • Multiply conc of all reactants • Div overall conc of prod by overall conc of react

  5. Effect of Vol/Press/Temp Change in Volume results in change in conc press inversely proportional higher volume means gas molecule inc. lower volume means gas molecules dec. Change in Pressure if result of change in vol, then Kc not altered inversely proportional to vol Change in Temperature inc favors endothermic direction dec favors exothermic direction ln(K2/K1)=(-ΔH0rxn/R)*({1/T2}-{1/T1})

  6. Effect of a Catalyst • Shortens the time it takes to reach equilibrium • No effect on equilibrium position

  7. Table of Disturbances

  8. ToD cont’d

  9. ToD cont’d

  10. Problem • G: Ca(OH)2, H2O, and 0.10M Ca(NO3)2 • Ksp= 6.5 x 10-6 • F: Solubilty of Ca(OH)2 in each compound, the difference in solubility (and the cause in the difference)

  11. Documentation • Silberberg, Martin S. Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change. 3d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 2003.

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