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Energy resolution, Non-proportionality 1998-2013

1998 – a proportional response of YAP:Ce scintillator is reflected in the lowest intrinsic resolution – Maciek Kapusta et al. 2002 – 2004 – scattering of secondary electrons ( δ -rays) is dominating component of intrinsic resolution

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Energy resolution, Non-proportionality 1998-2013

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  1. 1998 – a proportional response of YAP:Ce scintillator is reflected in the lowest intrinsic resolution – Maciek Kapusta et al. 2002 – 2004 – scattering of secondary electrons (δ-rays) is dominating component of intrinsic resolution 1999 – 2013 – influence of slow components of light pulses on non-proportionality and intrinsic resolution (halide crystals) Energy resolution, Non-proportionality1998-2013 2002 – 2008 – undoped NaI and CsI scintillators, influence of accidental impurities on intrinsic resolution and non-proportionality 2007 – 2008 – correlation of „afterglow” and intrinsic resolution 2008 – deterioration of energy resolution by slow components of the light pulses 2010-2011 – Energy resolution and non-proportionality of Compton electrons 2012 – Świerk vs. Berkeley and Livermore: electron scattering or Landau fluctuations 2013 – The first test of nonproportionality of a Xe gas scintillator Results: about 50 papers, 6 invited talks, 4 review papers

  2. Nonproportionality of Compton electrons LYSO – 2 x 2 x 2 cm3 Nonproportionality of Compton electrons and full energy peaks. Curves are normalized to 662 keV full energy peak of Cs-137. close geometry: ~ 1- 6 cm large solid angle: ≤ 90º weak sources: ~ 10 - 30 μCi

  3. What is the origin of the contribution of the secondary electrons to the intrinsic resolution of the scintillators? • According to Steve Payne and Bill Moses (Livermore • and Berkeley), the Landau fluctuations are responsible • for the intrinsic resolution of scintillators. • see S.Payne et al., „Nonproportionality of Scintillator Detectors: • Theory and Experiment. II.”, IEEE TNS vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 3392, 2011 • According to Swierk group the dominating process is related to the scattering of electrons (-rays).

  4. Bill Moses at SCINT Conference 2011 in Giesen, Germany

  5. Electrons in matter: Electrons often undergo large angle deflections loosing large part of energy and producing -rays

  6. Correlation between NP and intrinsic resolution (at 662 keV) LSO, LYSO: 6.8 – 8% GSO, LGSO: 4.5 – 5.5% LaBr3, LaCl3: 1.8 – 2.6% TNS 54 (2007) 3 – A. Nassalski et al.

  7. Intrinsic resolution vs nonproportionality Swierk data Following I. Khodyuk and P. Dorenbos, IEEE TNS calculated between 10 keV and 662 keV

  8. K-dip spectroscopy Intrinsic resolution at 662 keV LSO, LYSO: 6.8 – 8% GSO, LGSO: 4.5 – 5.5% LuAG:Pr: 2.6% Nonproportionality curvesat low energies with similar slopes  weak correlation with intrinsic resolution TNS 57 (2010) 1175 – I.V. Khodyuk et al.

  9. Fast and thermal neutron detection in liquid scintillators n/ discrimination with B-10 loaded liquid scintillators A 2D plot of ZC time vs. pulse height measured with EJ309B5 under irradiation of Pu-Be and 241Am. BC523A2 – n/ discrimination L. Swiderski, et al., IEEE TNS – 3 papers, NIM A – 1 paper, osiągnięcie IPJ w 2010

  10. Neutron/gamma discrimination in plastics See Asia Iwanowska, IEEE NSS-MIC 2013

  11. Large samples of plastic scintillators neutron/gamma discrimination See Asia Iwanowska, IEEE NSS+MIC 2013

  12. Ochrona kraju i monitoring przejść granicznych Kontrakty IAEA Euritrack, MODES, TAWARA AiD, Medycyna Projekt BIOCARE Akcja COST Zastosowania • Przemysł • Ekspertyzy dla: • - ICx (d. Target) • Photonis • Projekt „Cement” NOWOŚCI Wspólny detektor dla tomografii PET/CT Super timing w TOF PET SiPM w spektrometrii gamma z scyntylatorami

  13. Common PET/CT detector LSO pixels (2x2x15mm3) coupled to Hamamatsu S8550 APDarray Antoni Nassalski „Common PET/CT detector” PhD thesis Am-241 59.6 keV

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