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Africa

Africa. Chapters 13,14, and 15. Nigeria. Mangrove  a tropical tree with roots that extend both above and beneath water. Savannas tropical grasslands with only a few trees. Harmattan  a dusty wind. Economic Challenges. One of the world’s major oil-producing countries

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Africa

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  1. Africa Chapters 13,14, and 15

  2. Nigeria • Mangrove a tropical tree with roots that extend both above and beneath water. • Savannas tropical grasslands with only a few trees. • Harmattan a dusty wind.

  3. Economic Challenges • One of the world’s major oil-producing countries • Most people work as farmers. • Subsistence farms small plots that grow just enough to feed their families. • Cacao a tropical tree whose seeds are used to make chocolate and cocoa.

  4. Nigeria’s People • About 250 ethnic groups • Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, and Ibo • Compound group of houses surrounded by walls. • About half the population are Muslim • 40% Christian • Civil war a fight among different groups within a country

  5. Land and History of the Sahel • Five countries—Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad, are located in an area known as the Sahel, which means “border”. • Most here traditionally herd livestock • Overgraze strip areas so bare that plants cannot grow back. • Drought a long period of extreme dryness and water shortages. • Desertification process in which grassland areas become desert.

  6. The People of the Sahel • Mostly subsistence farmers • Mostly Muslim • Mauritania exports fish and iron ore • Mali is developing a gold mining industry. • Chad has oil deposits, but no money to build pipelines.

  7. West Africa’s Coastal Countries • 11 coastal countries • Deforestation • All earned their independence by the late 1970s

  8. People of Coastal West Africa • Gambia, Senegal, and Guinea work in agriculture • Guinea also rich in bauxite and diamonds • Senegal phosphate • Liberia is only West African nation that was never a colony. • Cote d’Ivoire “ivory coast”

  9. Democratic Republic of the Congo • Canopy an umbrella-like forest covering • Congo River provides hydroelectric power electricity generated by flowing water. • Exports gold, petroleum, diamonds, and copper. • More than 200 ethnic groups • 75% are Christian • First settled 10,000 years ago • Bantu moved here form Nigeria around AD 600s or 700s.

  10. Cameroon and the Central African Republic • Most people here farm. • Tsetse fly causes sleeping sickness. • Cameroon forest products, petroleum, and bauxite • CAR only diamonds

  11. Congo and Gabon • Both won their independence from France in 1960. • Congo River supports most of Congo’s farmland. • Both countries depend heavily on farming. • deforestation

  12. Island Countries • Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome and Principe are both island nations. • Equatorial Guinea became independent from Spain in 1968 • Farming, fishing, and forestry are important. • Oil was recently found. • Sao Tome and Principe gained independence from Portugal in 1975 • Volcanic islands • Coconuts, bananas, and cacao

  13. Kenya • Coral reef • Poaching the illegal hunting of protected wildlife • Free enterprise system • Nairobi capital • Cassava a plant whose roots are ground to porridge. • Swahili and English • Won independence from Great Britain in 1963. • Most people are farmers • Mombasa is the chief port.

  14. Tanzania • Serengeti Plain • Kilimanjaro highest point in Africa • Most work in farming or herding • Lake Victoria Africa’s largest lake. • Sisal a plant fiber used to make rope and twine • Habitat the type of environment in which a particular animal species lives • Ecotourists people who travel to another country to view its natural wonders.

  15. Uganda • Fertile, green land with mountains, lakes, and wild animals. • Mild climate due to elevation. • Plantains a kind of banana • 2/3 of population are Christians • Autonomy self government • Today one of the fastest growing economies in the world.

  16. Rwanda and Burundi • Watershed a region that is drained by a river • Endangered species a plant or animal under the threat of extinction (gorillas) • Coffee is the main export for both countries • Genocide the deliberate murder of a group of people because of their race or culture.

  17. Sudan • Sudan is the largest country in Africa • NorthDesert • Central fertile because of Blue and White Nile Rivers • South Swampy • Sugar cane, nutes, dates, and cotton

  18. Ethiopia • Scientists believe they have found the remains of the oldest known human ancestors in Ethiopia • Rain is not consistent. • 85% live in rural areas.

  19. Eritrea • 1993 won its independence from Ethiopia • Most people are farmers

  20. Djibouti • Plates huge slabs of rock that make up the earth’s crust • Two of these plates are pulling away from each other in Djibouti • One of the hottest, driest places on the earth.

  21. Somalia • Most people are nomadic herders • Clans • No real government in charge today.

  22. A Land Rich in Resources • South Africa • African elephant • Miniature shrew • South Africa is the most industrialized country in Africa • World’s largest producer and exporter of gold. • Large deposits of diamonds, chromite, platinum, and coal.

  23. South Africa’s History and People • Black ethnics make up 78% of the population. • 1600s, the Dutch settled in South Africa • Known as Boers, a Dutch word for farmers • Pushed Africans off the best land • 1910, British take control • 1948, whites set up a system of apartheid or “apartness” • This made it illegal for racial and ethnic groups to mix and limited the rights of blacks.

  24. South Africa • Within South Africa lie two other African nations—Lesotho and Swaziland • Enclaves small countries located inside a larger country.

  25. Zambia • Copper belt large area of copper mines that stretches across northern Zambia • 80% of Zambia’s income comes from copper. • Gained independence from Britain in 1964

  26. Malawi • 500 species of fish in Lake Malawi • 400 orchid species • British colony until 1964.

  27. Zimbabwe • Gold, copper, iron ore, and asbestos • AIDS • Name comes from a great city in the AD 1100s.

  28. Botswana • Diamonds account for more than 75% of Botswana’s export income • Became independent from Britain in 1966. • Today, have one of Africa’s strongest democracies.

  29. Angola • Exclave a small part of a country that is separated from the main part. • Oil accounts for 90% of Angola’s export earning • A colony of Portugal until 1975.

  30. Namibia • Became independent in 1990 after being ruled by South Africa, and Germany before that. • Deposits of diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, silver, and lead. • Leading producer of uranium

  31. Mozambique • Slash-and-burn farming a method of clearing land for plating by cutting and burning forests. • Cyclones intense storms with heavy rains and high circular winds. • Major crops cashews, cotton, sugarcane, tea, coconuts, and tropical fruits

  32. Madagascar • The island of Madagascar broke away from the continent about 160 million years ago • Produces most of the world’s vanilla beans • Coffee is the main cash crop.

  33. Small Island Countries • Volcanoes formed the countries of Comoros and Mauritius thousands of years ago • Seychelles

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