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On inter-domain name resolution for information-centric networks

On inter-domain name resolution for information-centric networks. K . V. Katsaros, N . Fotiou, X . Vasilakos, C . N. Ververidis, C . Tsilopoulos, G . Xylomenos, and G . C. Polyzos AUEB. Outline. Name resolution in ICN Related work An enhanced DHT-based NRS

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On inter-domain name resolution for information-centric networks

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  1. On inter-domain name resolution for information-centric networks K.V. Katsaros, N. Fotiou, X. Vasilakos, C.N.Ververidis, C. Tsilopoulos, G. Xylomenos, and G. C. Polyzos AUEB

  2. Outline • Name resolution in ICN • Related work • An enhanced DHT-based NRS • Performance evaluation & results • Conclusions

  3. Name resolution in ICN • ICN has many requirements from name resolution • Operation over a flat identifier namespace • Scalability • Ability to efficiently handle 1015 names • Fault tolerance and fault isolation • No centralized architecture • Low signaling overhead • Low latency (low response time) • Efficient routing and load distribution • Routing policy compliance

  4. Related work • DHTs (Chord, Pastry) • Logarithmic number of hops required • Not compliant with routing policies • MDHT and (old) PSIRP approach • Multilevel DHT with aggregation at higher levels • Questionable scalability and routing compliance • DONA • Hierarchical aggregation of information • Requests are propagated upwards • Strictly follows customer-provider relationships

  5. An enhanced DHT-based NRS • H-Pastry: hierarchical DHT taking into account • Administrative domain boundaries • Inter-domain routing policies • H-Pastry results in • Reduced path stretch (similar to regular Pastry) • By 55% (Chord) and 47% (Crescendo) • Confined traffic within administrative boundaries • 27% less inter-domain hops (Pastry) • 55% shorter intra-domain paths (Pastry) • Reduced valley-free policy violations per path • By 56% (Chord), 31% (Pastry) and 36% (Crescendo)

  6. An enhanced DHT-based NRS • Outline of the H-Pastry based NRS

  7. Performance evaluation & results • Evaluation dimensions • Load: memory, signaling, processing overhead • Routing performance • Particular attention paid to the effects of • Underlying network structure on performance • Popularity characteristics of content on caching • Evaluation Setup: Topology • Scaled-down but realistic topology • 400 domains, 6-levels, peering and multihoming • Number of RV points: 4400

  8. Performance evaluation & results • Evaluation Setup: Workload • Original workload generated by GlobeTraff • See our paper in IFIP NTMS 2012 • Focus on signaling to locate & start transmission • Data plane traffic mix translated to control plane • Νumber of items for each traffic type • Data volume / median item size per traffic type • Modeled popularity & temporal evolution • 25GB of total traffic • ~2.5M subscriptions for ~1M objects

  9. Performance evaluation & results • Routing stretch in inter-domain hops • Ratio of DHT-NRS / DONA hops • Infinite Cache Size (ICS), m is the DONA median • Caching performance • Works for popular items • 34% worse than DONA

  10. Performance evaluation & results • State: item entries per node • DHT-NRS considerably better than DONA • Note the log scale for the x-axis! • DHT-NRS achieves better state distribution

  11. Performance evaluation & results • State distribution across hierarchy levels • Roughly 50% of access networks at level 2 • DHT-NRS achieves a better state distribution • DONA is penalized by topology structure

  12. Performance evaluation & results • Lookup signaling overhead • Includes terminated + forwarded messages • DONA works better for most of the nodes • In DHT-NRS messages cross more nodes

  13. Performance evaluation & results • Lookup overhead distribution across hierarchy levels • DONA is problematic at level 1 (as expected) • DHT-NRS is also hit at the topmost level • Subscribe/Notify messages often go through level 1

  14. Performance evaluation & results • Advertisement/registration signaling overhead • Inter-domain hop transmissions per registration • DHT-NRS requires 6.34 transmissions (at 0%m) • DONA requires 35.56 transmissions • Excessive inter-domain traffic load for DONA • (Limited) flooding method for registrations • Multihoming plays a critical role • Registrations sent to multiple higher levels • 56.75% of all domains are multi-homed • 2.4 providers on average for them

  15. Conclusions • Routing efficiency • Caching in DHT-NRS cannot compete with DONA • Stretch values range from 1.95 to 2.84 • Memory and lookup processing overhead • DHT-NRS considerably better • DONA has a highly skewed distribution • Registration processing overhead • DONA is almost 6 times worse than DHT-NRS • The problem with DONA is mainly localized • Large-scale centralized solutions (e.g. cloud)?

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