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Forensic Anthropology

Forensic Anthropology. Tom, Rachel, Katherine. Introduction. The main bones we’re interested in: *Cranium/Skull *Pelvis *Tibia *Femur *Humerus . What Can We Learn?. Determination of Sex: -Pelvis -Skull Determination of Race: -Skull Approximate Age: -Growth of long bones

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Forensic Anthropology

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  1. Forensic Anthropology Tom, Rachel, Katherine

  2. Introduction The main bones we’re interested in: *Cranium/Skull *Pelvis *Tibia *Femur *Humerus

  3. What Can We Learn? • Determination of Sex: -Pelvis -Skull • Determination of Race: -Skull • Approximate Age: -Growth of long bones • Approximate Stature: -Length of long bones

  4. Determination of Sex • The Pelvis is the best area to study sex -Females have wider sub pubic angles for giving birth

  5. Determination of Sex • The Cranium/Skull is also very helpful in determining sex - Men’s chins are significantly more square and their ridges and crests are more pronounced

  6. Determination of Race • Forensic Anthropologists place bones in three races: Caucasian, Asian and African • It’s very difficult to determine race because many people are biracial and also not all individuals have skeletal traits that are consistent w/ their race • The nasal index (the ratio of the width to the height of the nose multiplied by 100), nasal spine, prognathism (extended lower jaw), and the shape of the eye orbits all help determine race

  7. Determination of Race • Caucasian -Nasal index: <.48 -Nasal Spine: Prominent -Prognathism: Straight -Eye orbitals: Rounded, somewhat square

  8. Determination of Race • Asian: -Nasal index: .48-.53 -Nasal Spine: somewhat prominent -Prornathism: Variable -Eye orbitals: Rounded, somewhat circular

  9. Determination of Race • African: -Nasal index:>.53 -Nasal Spine: Very small spine -Prognathism:Prognathic -Eye orbitals: Rectangular or square

  10. Determination of Age • We use teeth, bone fusion, the hardness, wear and tear, and any damages to determine age

  11. Determination of Age • 0-5: teeth are best • 6-25: fusion starts and ends at about 25 • 25-40 bones are very hard • 40+: wear and tear on bones

  12. Determination of Stature • Our long bone length (femur, tibia, humerus)is proportional to height • Formula for height: 2.89(humerus length)+78.10 (all in cm) • Example: If the humerus length=30.8, their height would be determined by 2.89(30.8)+78.10 cm

  13. Miscellaneous Information • We can find out how they died based on any trauma (gunshots to head, etc.) • Any evidence of post mortem trauma such as bite-marks (cannibalism) • Any activities the victim enjoyed, example: You can find out different activities the victim liked based on their damage and “wear and tear” in certain areas of their body

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