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Understanding Energy: Types, Laws, and Applications in Thermodynamics

This comprehensive guide explores the concept of energy, its definitions, and various types including kinetic and potential energy. Discover the laws of thermodynamics, especially the second law related to entropy and the transformation of usable energy into dissipated forms. Dive into the units of energy measurement such as joules, calories, BTUs, and examine equations that predict energy relations in different contexts. Learn the significance of gravitational, chemical, and nuclear potential energy, and how energy relates to work and power in everyday applications.

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Understanding Energy: Types, Laws, and Applications in Thermodynamics

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 9 Energy

  2. Topics • What is energy? • Types of energy • Equations • Thermodynamic Laws and “lost” energy

  3. What is Energy? • What is your definition of energy? Write it down • Does this have energy? • Energy – the ability to do work • Units of energy – joules, British Thermal Units (BTUs), calories, Kilowatt-hour • S.I. Unit - Joules

  4. Forms of energy • All energy can be broken down into 2 categories • 1. Kinetic • – the energy of motion • 2. Potential • – stored energy

  5. Kinetic Energy • Which has more kinetic energy? • Kinetic energy depends on: • SPEED! • Equation: • KE = ½ mv2

  6. Kinetic Energy • Types: • Heat – the general motion of atoms • Electricity – movement of electrons • Any other movement!

  7. Dissipated Energy • Can he roll forever with one push? • What happens to the energy he puts in? • It gets transformed into heat/sound/deformation/etc. • We call this lost / unusable / internal / dissipated energy • It is a form of kinetic energy • It constantly grows over time!

  8. Dissipated Energy • Why does energy become unusable? • This relates back to chemistry class: • 2nd law of Thermodynamics: •  entropy always increases •  this means whatever “usable” energy you start with is constantly being converted into “unusable” energies which cannot be converted back

  9. Potential Energy • This is a general term for any energy that is stored • Types: • Gravitational Kinetic Energy (GPE) – energy stored based on its position in a gravitational field •  the higher an object, the more GPE • EQUATION • GPE = m*g*h

  10. Potential Energy • Chemical Potential Energy (CPE) – energy stored between bonds of molecules • Examples) sugars from photosynthesis, fuel, food •  burning fuel or metabolizing food is the process of releasing the energy from the bonds

  11. Potential Energy • Nuclear Potential Energy (NPE) – energy stored within an atom

  12. Future: use equations to calculate how much energy exists in a situation • Learn how energy relates to work • How does power fit in?

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