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Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal Aquatic Nuisance Species Dispersal Barrier

Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal Aquatic Nuisance Species Dispersal Barrier. Phil Moy University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute. Dispersal Barrier Project. Authorized by NISA (1996) Create a barrier to prevent dispersal of invasive species via the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal

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Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal Aquatic Nuisance Species Dispersal Barrier

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  1. Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal Aquatic Nuisance Species Dispersal Barrier Phil Moy University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute

  2. Dispersal Barrier Project • Authorized by NISA (1996) • Create a barrier to prevent dispersal of invasive species via the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal • The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal is a cross-drainage link between the Great Lakes and Mississippi basins • A two-way avenue for AIS dispersal

  3. Locks River Chicago River Plaines Des Stony Creek Cal-Sag Channel Chicago Waterways North Shore Channel Lake Michigan Sanitary and Ship Canal Illinois - Michigan Canal C o n t i n e n t a l D i v i d e Calumet River Saganashkee Slough Grand Calumet River Little Calumet River Indiana Illinois

  4. SPREAD OF INVASIVE SPECIES VIA THE ILLINOIS WATERWAY WI L. Michigan IA Miss. R. Illinois R. IN IL Missouri R. MO Ohio R.

  5. Chicago Canals • First identified as a potential escape route from the Great Lakes for the Eurasian ruffe • Targeted round goby until 1999 • Now bighead & silver carp

  6. CARP SUCK Bighead & Silver Carp • Large bodied (>100 lbs) • Planktivores – zooplankton, phytoplankton • Fecund, rapid development (10” in yr 1) • Adapted to northern temperate zones • Can travel >50mi/yr (125 mi/month) • Tend to jump when startled

  7. Barrier Constraints and Obstacles • Constraints: • Commercial navigation • Recreational navigation • Storm water discharge • Sanitary Discharge: 1.3 Billion gal/day • Obstacles: • Permits • Safety

  8. River Chicago River Plaines Des Stony Creek Barrier Reach Cal-Sag Channel Chicago Waterways North Shore Channel Lake Michigan Sanitary and Ship Canal Illinois - Michigan Canal Calumet River Grand Calumet River Little Calumet River Indiana Illinois

  9. Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal near Romeoville, IL P. Moy

  10. * * Potential Barrier Approaches Physical Chemical Other Weirs Screens Low/No DO Nitrogen Ozone Toxicants Rotenone Antimycin TFM Chloramine Electrical Acoustic Hydraulic Biological Thermal Visual Bubble Screens Lights

  11. Electric Barrier • Micro-Pulsed DC; Graded field • Few permitting issues • Available technology - used in irrigation canals and for lamprey control • High chance of success • Electrodes on the bottom and recessed in the walls to avoid damage by barges

  12. Recommended Barrier Features • Electrodes railroad rails – 20yr life • Back-up generator • Suction trough to capture stunned gobies • Emergency egress ladders • Boat launching crane • Estimated annual operating cost ~ $40,000

  13. Barrier I • Electrodes steel cables – 3yr life • Construction cost ~ $1.25 Million • Annual operating cost ~ $24,000 • Began operation April 11th 2002 Barrier Site

  14. Barrier I Control building 165 Feet 1-1/2” cables pass through holes drilled in bedrock 25 Ft P. Moy Canal cross section view

  15. Barrier Operation • Fall 2002: GLFC, IJC & USEPA fund purchase of back-up generator • March 2003: IJC helped secure USEPA funds for: • Egress/Access ladders • Boat hoist • Submerged antennas for improved fish monitoring

  16. Barrier Monitoring • Univ. of Illinois & Illinois Natural History Survey • To date, radio-tagged & released 118 common carp below the barrier • March 2003 found a radio-tagged carp upstream of the barrier • Data from fixed antennas indicated the fish passed through the array between 2:30 and 2:35 PM on April 3rd

  17. Barrier Operation • Barrier site sensors indicated a barge passed though at that same time • The power output (voltage, pulse rate) of the barrier was doubled on April 16th, 2003 • On April 17th circuit boards on all four pulsators shorted out.

  18. Barrier Operation • Power restored 25 hrs later • System failure was due to line voltage problems • No other tagged fish passed through the array during the outage • No problems with tagged fish since • Prompted a study on barge hull impacts on the barrier = Field Effects Study

  19. Field Effects Study • Barges create a weak area in the barrier field under the barge hull • Could allow (or drag) a fish through the barrier field • Barrier II double-array design addresses this problem

  20. Barrier Safety Tests • Barge crew observed arcing at barrier site • Completed January - March 2005 • Confirmed arcing could occur between barges • USCG established a restricted activity zone: • No passing, mooring, single barge-wide tows • Special safety requirements – steel cables • All vessel occupants to wear PFDs • Test Barrier II when operational

  21. Asian Carp On The Way? • July 2002, 2 Live Asian carp found 22 miles below barrier in Des Plaines River • 50+ miles from Lake Michigan • Two locks between capture site and barrier • Developed a proposed rapid response plan • Considered several control options: • netting, herding, heat, explosives, sonic disruption, flow rates, oxygen depletion, attractants & repellents, killing w/ barrier

  22. The Asian Carp Response • Management and Eradication • Management • Monitoring of distribution boundary • Monitoring is an integral part of response plan • Capture and depletion of downstream population • Dispersal barrier as backstop • Eradication – poison out a section of the canal if needed

  23. Locks Barrier Site River Chicago River Plaines Des Sanitary and Ship Canal Asian Carp Monitoring Area North Shore Channel Lake Michigan 4 sitesMonthly samplesFyke, trammel netsElectrofishing Calumet River Grand Calumet River Cal-Sag Channel Little Calumet River Indiana Illinois

  24. Asian Carp Monitoring • No Bighead or Silver carp seen or caught in 2003 through October 2004 • Dead silver carp found in November 2004 • 32 inches long; 5-7 years old

  25. Silver Carp • Found 1.5 mi below barrier in a barge slip • Dead for several days • May have been on the deck of a barge • Subsequent sampling found no other individuals • Have expanded the monitoring area

  26. Barrier II • Cost $9.1 million; 75% Federal • IL DNR provided $1.8 million • Other 7 Great Lakes States provided ~ $70,000 each • Located 850 feet downstream from Barrier I • Two arrays with independent power & back-up • 500 feet long (10X Barrier I) • 6x6” Steel electrodes = 20-year service life

  27. Barrier II • More effective on small fish • Construction started late October 2004 • Expect completion June 2005 • Illinois will become owner without new legislation • Expect operation to cost $20,000 / month

  28. Ultimate Barrier • A combination of barrier methodologies will likely be required for best success • Acoustic-bubble barrier w/ electricity • Educated public • Prevent new introductions • Funds requested for hydrologic separation reconnaissance study

  29. Dispersal Barrier Website: • www.seagrant.wisc.edu • Aquatic Invasive Species • Dispersal barrier • Photos • Video • Background • What’s new

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