( TSINGHUA－GAMMON ） CONSTRUCTION SAFETY RESEARCH CENTER

1. (TSINGHUA－GAMMON）CONSTRUCTION SAFETY RESEARCH CENTER COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SAFETY AND APPLICATION OF BAMBOO AND METAL SCAFFOLDINGS IN HONG KONG Fang Dongping,Wu Shenghou,Hua Bin and John Wong Tsinghua University and GammonConstruction Co Ltd

2. BACKGROUND • Market • Bamboo Scaffolding: More than 90% Market Share • Metal Scaffolding: Less than 10% Market Share • Safety Performance • Attitude of the public – safer • Attitude of Contractors – cheaper

3. SAFETY PERFORMANCE — Bamboo Scaffolding related Accidents

4. SAFETY PERFORMANCE — Bamboo Scaffolding related Accidents

5. SAFETY PERFORMANCE — Bamboo Scaffolding related Accidents

6. OBJECTIVES • For Government – Policy making • For Contractors – Decision making

7. RESEARCH FRAME

8. RESEARCH CONTENT • SAFETY PERFORMANCE Hazard Analysis － safety officers, scaffolders and workers (194) AHP – professionals in scaffolding (engineers, ASD and CITA) (20) Experimental Psychology – un-experienced students as examinants • ECONOMICAL EFFECTIVENES Contractors, suppliers (14) and projects (6) • SYNTHETICAL ASSESSMENT Project Managers(23/30)

9. SAFETY PERFORMANCE — Safety Performance Assessment • Hazard Analysis • Theory foundation H=F×P×C where： F—frequency of being broken P—probability of being broken C—consequencies • Information sources Survey—Workers (scaffolders and non-scaffolders), Safety officers

10. feeling Complex problem judgment logic structure of AHP SAFETY PERFORMANCE — Safety Performance Assessment • AHP • Theoretical foundation • Information sources Survey—Engineers in Scaffolding, safety professionals, Instructors from CITA

11. SAFETY PERFORMANCE — Safety Performance Assessment • Conclusions • Hazard analysis Risk －Metal 0.32; Bamboo 0.68 • AHP Risk － Metal 0.39; Bamboo 0.61

12. SYNTHETICAL ASSESSMENT— Objective The study takes the two major aspects and other factors such as construction quality and company’s images into consideration to assess these two kinds of scaffolding synthetically, so as to provide foundational information for the government to enact relevant policies and for contractors to choose scaffolding. • Safety Performance • Economic Effectiveness • Construction quality and company’s images, etc.

13. SYNTHETICAL ASSESSMENT— Methodology

14. SYNTHETICAL ASSESSMENT— Conclusions • Risk rating Metal scaffolding 0.842 Bamboo scaffolding 0.783

15. CONCLUSIONS • Metal scaffolding should be encouraged for safety concern. • The erection and use of bamboo scaffolding should be better supervised due to its poor safety performance. • Contractors may make their own decisions by following the proposed procedure.

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21. Workplace Safety Evaluation Based on Experimental Psychology Dr. FANG Dongping Department of Construction Management, School of Civil Engineering Tsinghua University, Beijing

22. OBJECTIVES • Comparing human’s physiological and psychological reactions in different working conditions. • Bamboo and Metal Scaffoldings as a case.

23. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENT • Measurement • Four indexes • Pulse • Pectoral Breathe • Ventral Breathe • Electrodermal Response • Equipments • Polygraph • Computer

25. Benchmark Group

26. Bamboo Scaffolding Group

27. Metal Scaffolding Group

28. ANALYSIS • Pulse • 80-Order AR Model • Burg Method – Power Spectrum

29. ANALYSIS • Pectoral breathe and ventral breathe • 20-Order AR Model • Yule-Walker Method - Power Spectrum • Electrodermal Response

30. LIMITATIONS • The equipments used in this experiment couldn't record the absolute value of the signals.

31. CONCLUSIONS • The change of the pulse frequency* *3 beats per minute is the critical value (TIAN Xiuliang, 1996) *Pulse frequency would rise under tension (YANG Zhiliang, 1990 )

32. CONCLUSIONS • The change in pulse rate in the bamboo group is significant, suggesting a fluctuation of emotion • The change of the metal group is not significant at the same level, indicating less fluctuation of emotion

33. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • Works Bureau of Hong Kong • Gammon Construction Ltd.Wei Loong Scaffolding Works Co. Ltd.AES Scaffolding Engineering Ltd. • Tsinghua Tongfang Electronic Co. Ltd. • Professor Francis Wong, Professor Albert Kwok, Professor S.W. Poon • National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 70172005) • Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant number 8002013).

34. Workplace Safety Evaluation Based on Experimental Psychology Thanks 谢谢