History of Construction

1. History of Construction Mr. Johanson Blue Mountain High School Construction Technology

2. What is Construction Construction is the building or putting together of materials to form a new creation.

3. Who Invented Construction • No one specifically is credited with inventing construction • However, you could consider all of your ancestors as contributors to the field of construction • Construction has grown and changed through out the ages

4. When did it all start? • It started back in the earliest days of our times when humans moved out of caves • Why did construction begin when humans moved out of caves?

5. Shelter • The answer is shelter • Shelter from what? • The elements • The first shelters provided protection from the elements • Wind, Rain, Sleet, Snow, etc.

6. Shelter Apache Grass Hut http://www.old-picture.com/indians/Apache-Grass-Hut.htm

7. Shelter Caribbean http://www.traveltheworld.ca/tahiti.htm

8. Shelter African Plains http://www.travelthewholeworld.com/namibia.html

9. Shelter • What do all of those huts have in common? • Do they provide protection from: • Animals? • Invaders? • All weather elements • What was needed to build shelters to protect against these possibilities?

10. Tools • The people of the time needed to develop tools to help them build more formidable structures. • These tools are now referred to as the “6 Simple Machines • Lever • Inclined Plane • Pulley • Screw • Wheel and Axel • Wedge

11. Lever http://tools-and-machines.blogspot.com/

12. Inclined plane

13. Pulley http://vandm.com/Collection-of-Primitive-Pulleys/3_239_60=558_product=199689.aspx

14. Screw http://www.arthursclipart.org/engineer/engineer/page_01.htm

15. Archimedes Screw In Action

16. Wheel and Axel http://www.folkartisans.com/images8/tarr_big.jpg

17. Wedge http://media.photobucket.com/image/primitive%20maul%20and%20wedge/fiddler49/PC110007.jpg

18. Shelter – Primitive Protection • With the development of tools people could not begin constructing shelters for protection • Larger and stronger materials could be used • Wood • Stone

19. Shelter - Wood

20. Shelter - Defensive

21. Shelter - Stone

22. Craftsman • As tools improved so did the people building them • This gave way to the guild system • The guild system is one of the earliest groups of trained specialist commonly called Artisans or Guildsmen

23. Artisan/Guildsmen • These people were highly trained and skilled workers in their respective areas • They began the apprenticeship system • Apprentise • Journeyman • Master

24. Artisan/Guildsman • An apprentice would work for years under a master until they would begin work for themselves • This system created such highly skilled workers that after hundreds of years have survived

25. The Pyramids – 2700-1500 BC

26. The Sphinx – 2500 BC

27. Colosseum – 80 AD

28. Todai-ji – 743 AD

29. The Tower of London – 13th Century

30. The Leaning Tower of Piza - 1372

31. Taj Mahal - 1653

32. Mechanization • As the need for more buildings that served a variety of purposes increased, the people needed a way to build faster • This gave way to Mechanization • Mechanization is providing human operators with machinery that assist them with the muscular requirements of work. It can also refer to the use of machines to replace automatic labor or animals

33. Industrial Revolution • Mechanization gave way to the industrial revolution • The industrial revolution started us down the path of constantly evolving tools, machines, and eventually automation

34. Materials • As new tools were developed to keep up with the new mechinized world so did materials • Tools went from being built by wood and stone to metals of all types • New metals were discovered and created through the process of alloying • Alloying is The addition of one metal to another metal or non-metal or combinations of metals. For instance, steel is an alloy of carbon and iron. Other metals are added to steels to impart specific characteristics like strength or corrosion resistance.

35. Materials • In the more recent years improvements and modifications to old building materials such as wood have improved • We now have pressure treated lumbers that resist weather and wood boring insects • New types of engineered woods such as Plywood, MDF, Particle board

36. Modern Home Building • Today homes can be built on site in mere weeks • Built in factories and shipped to their location • Built in pieces and shipped • In the from 1908 - 1940 you could buy a house from a Sears and Roebuck catalog

37. Sears Home

38. In review • Homes were built for protection • Weather • Animals • People • Started with basic materials • Grass • Twigs • Mud

39. In review • Then tools were created • The six simple machines • Lever • Pulley • Inclined plane • Wedge • Wheel and Axel • Screw

40. In review • Buildings were then built to protect against • Weather • People • A new system of learning developed • The artisan system • Created highly skilled craftsmen

41. In Review • Demand for more buildings led the way for mechanization • Mechanization occurred during the Industrial Revolution and led to advances in: • Material science • Tool development • Automation

42. In Review • Because of the Industrial Revolution homes can now be bought pre-made and placed on your property • Sears and Roebuck