Presentation Transcript

1. Geography wrksht answers Etruscans King Didn’t like Monarchy People vote for leaders 440 years
2. Etruscan wrksht answers Origin of Etruscans in Italy Genetics of cattle Central Italy 8th c & 4th c 2310 Lydia/Anatolia/Turkey DNA in modern herds of cattle Approx 60% Nautical Prowess---- boat/sea Plausible – possible Grave markers ---- warrior heads

3. Early Rome

   The Myth Reality Early Civilizations
4. Bell Work Think back to our Greece unit; What made Greece so hard to unify? (hint: geography term) Write answer in your notes
5. Objectives Student will be able to evaluate myths and the purpose of having myths, by diagramming your own myth. Student will be able to describe how geography influenced Rome’s development.
6. The myth, The legend… Read the myth: Who are the main characters? What happened to them? Purpose???? Italy's ancient wonders crumble Why do myths exist? What historical value do they have? Is this myth true? Why is Rome where it is? Really….
7. Geography – Why Rome? Good for Trade Italy - Midpoint Tiber River Middle of Mediterranean Sea Good for protection mountains - Alps & Apennines Good for farming Moderate climate/a lot of rainfall Fertile plains Unification not hindered by geography No isolated city-states
8. Review Questions How was Rome different than the Greece? Same? On what river in Italy did Rome make its home? Besides the river, what other geographical reasons were there for the location of Rome?
9. To Do Come up with your own myth of how your home town (LZ) started. Draw out in pictures Write a paragraph story (on back) explaining how your town came about. Write a sentence stating the purpose of your myth.
10. Bell Work Etruscans worksheet. Read and complete, we will discuss. You have 8 minutes to complete the questions on the back.
11. Etruscan Reading Vocab Archeologists: people who dig up the ground to find lost civilizations Geneticists: people who study the genes of a people Linguistics: people who study language Herodotus: A Greek history writer Plausible: a possibility- could be the right answer Nautical: Navy/ships Prowess: exceptional ability to do things

12. Early Civilizations in Rome

13. Objectives Explain the role of geographic location in Rome’s early growth (Every Little Guy) north - south Etruscans Latins Greeks
14. Early Settlers of Italy Latins – earliest settlers – 1000 BCE Original settlement near Rome – Tiber River Considered the 1st Romans Etruscans – 800 BCE Northern Italy Strongly influenced development of Rome Writing – alphabet Architecture - arches Similar gods Greeks – came from Greece – 750 BCE Settled Southern Italy and Sicily Brought trade to Rome and gods/myths
15. Religion Gods/goddesses resembled Greek & Etruscan deities Statues and temples built throughout Rome Festivals honored the deities Roman gods Greek vs Roman gods
16. Bell Work Read the 1/2 sheet about the creation of the Republic Underline the answers to the following questions: Who ruled Rome when it was founded? Who has the power in a monarchy? Why did the Romans create a Republic? How is a Republic different than a democracy? How long was Rome a Republic?
17. Objectives Describe how & why the Roman Republic was established.
18. Roman Government Early Rome ruled by kings City of Rome Established Rome continued to grow Tarquin the Proud cruel ruler who terrorized the people. 509 BCE: People overthrow King make law: anyone that talks about being king = killed
19. Roman Republic 509 BCE Roman Republic was est. Republic – govt where citizens have the right to vote & elect their leaders Senate Not a Democracy. Why? People make decisions = democracy elected officials make decisions = republic Similar? People run the government
20. Roman Government Senate governing body - 300 patricians (landholding upper class) served for life 2 consuls elected from patrician class Job was to consult w/the Senate supervise business of the govt command armies Consuls served 1 yr term In times of war: Senate chose dictatorto rule - 6 months
21. Rule of Law Nobody above the law not the king, senate, people, police Laws are written down & must be respected
22. Balanced Government Command army & govt 1 yr term Veto each other Patricians Made the laws Advised Consuls Life Term Patricians Lose control in times of trouble Plebeians Very little power Elected Tribunes Chosen by consuls Approved by Senate Absolute power in times of trouble Command army 6 month term
23. ?’s Other than the LatinsRomans, what 2 other cultures inhabited Italy? Prior to the people running Rome, who was the leader of Rome? (general word) What is the governing body in Rome? Who made up this governing body & how long did they rule? What is a republic? In times of war what kind of ruler was there & how long did they rule for?
24. To Do: Republic worksheet Read the introduction out loud What information does the chart include? Answer the questions on the back.
25. Bell Work Reading on the Plebeians and Patricians. Underline characteristics of each Answer the question at the bottom right of the page. On the back of the paper: Make a “T” chart One side Patricians and one side Plebeians Write down characteristics of each in the chart You need your: Note packet Sit in your “rule” groups Vote for new rules
26. 8th Hour Rules – Vote for 5 Free day every other Friday with food Listen to i-pods during homework time Have a day outside Homework is extra credit Review time before a test Group work 4 times a week No homework on Fridays 5 minutes of social time everyday Pick our own seats Movie Mondays Game days before a test Group 1 has no homework Wednesday-Friday Group 1 does not have to take notes – printed power points Group 1 can sit wherever they want Group 1 can come in late
27. Debrief Questions Answer the questions on the half sheet with your groups. We will discuss them as a class.

28. The Early Republic

    Patricians vs. Plebeian
29. Objectives Explain the difference between a Patrician and a Plebeian. Identify the ways the Plebeians gained power in Rome Compare the political institutions of the Roman Republic and the United States Assembly, Senate, Tribunes, Consuls, Indirect democracy, Veto
30. Wealthy & educated Most power Senate Smallest class Highest ranks in military Could vote for Senate Inherited status Descendants of founders 2nd largest class Poor to middle class Average citizen farmers merchants artisans traders Could vote for Senate Only from Patricians Could not hold government positions Patricians vs. PlebeiansCharacteristics
31. Plebeians Demand Equality Efforts to gain power 1. 450 BCE: Twelve Tables of Law Rome’s written code of laws Set up in the forum for all to see made it possible for plebeians to appeal decision of a judge
32. Plebeians Demand Equality The Assembly Protected the interest of the plebeians Elected representatives to the Senate Tribunes protect their interests 10 of them Tribunes could veto (block) laws that weren’t in the interest of the common people
33. 3 – 2 - 1 3 characteristics of a Patrician 2 ways that the Plebeians gained power 1 Question: Where do we see the legacy of the Twelve Tables in the United States?
34. Bell Work Read: “Hannibal of Carthage” Underline the main event in each paragraph Answer the questions on the wks
35. To Do Page 157 in the textbook. Look at the chart that compares Rome and the US Answer the 2 Skill builder questions. We will discuss the answers as a class
36. To Do Now that you have completed this assignment: Use the chart, your answers, and the Republic worksheet from Friday Make a Venn diagram comparing Rome and the United States
37. Bell Work Map Quiz 3-2-1 comparison of Rome and the US Use your Venn diagram from yesterday. Take out your notes
38. Bell Work On a piece of paper, w/your name on the top: each “–” mark is a piece of info you need to write

39. Rome spreads its power

    Punic Wars
40. Objectives Assess the impact of the Punic War in the Republic Rome gains control of the Mediterranean, legion, military power
41. Rome’s Army Early republic Army important to Rome’s greatness All male citizens expected to serve Must serve 10 yrs before you could vote Most important unit - Legion Military unit of 5000 foot soldiers Century small groups in the legion could move independently
42. Rome wins Control By 265 BCE Romans controlled Italy Rome Spreads Power FULL CITIZENS Latins - all rights HALF CITIZENS Other territories in Italy all rights but voting ALLIES Territories outside Italy Left alone if they gave troops Extending citizenship to people outside of Rome will make Rome great. Why?
43. 1st Punic War Rome versus Carthage Fought over control of Sicily important for trade Rome wins control of Sicily & Western Mediterranean Sea
44. 2nd Punic War: Hannibal’s Plan Who is he? Carthaginian general Avenge Carthage’s defeat Where? What route did he take? Surprise attack Across Spain & over the Alps He brought soldiers, horses & ELEPHANTS He won many battles Cannae – greatest battle fought Romans for 15 yrs Could not capture Rome
45. 2nd Punic War Scipio’s Plan Attack Zama (near Carthage) Hannibal forced to go home - defend his city Defeated ROME wins the 2nd Punic War & Carthage crushed
46. 3rd Punic War Rome invades Carthage Cut off food supplies Burned Carthage to the ground Sold people into slavery ROME wins & Carthage is DESTROYED
47. Legacy of Punic War Victories Dominance over the western Mediterranean Romans went on to conquer the east
48. ?s Who did Rome take on in the 1st Punic Wars? Where, from your map is the enemy located? 1st PW: control of what is the reason for the war? Who won? Who was in the Carthage general in the 2nd PW? What did he do that was so special against the Romans? What are two of the main battles during the PWs and where are those 2 battle locations? Who won each of the 3 PWs?
49. To Do In Class: Work on Study Guide Homework: Read “The End of Carthage” Annotate and write a summary at the bottom.
50. Bell Work Collect both Hannibal wrkshts “End of Carthage” reading on top Hannibal questions 2nd Match holes up. 1/2 the class read Tiberius Gracchus and answer the questions Front and back 1/2 the class read Gaius Gracchus and answer the questions Front and back

51. Life after the Punic Wars

    The Reformers
52. Objectives Describe the transition from the Republic to Empire Gap between the rich and poor Increase in military leadership
53. Gap b/w rich & poor Hannibal’s army destroyed countryside Farms destroyed Small farmers could not afford to rebuild land Many farmers sold their land Wealthy land owners created massive estates Farmers had no where to go in the countryside
54. Gap b/w rich & poor Landless: Farmers no land to work Wealthy farmers needed no laborers. Why? Slaves were brought in from Carthage Urban Moved to Rome for work Jobs limited; too many workers Poor Wages low, could not afford food New Class: Proletariat Urban/landless/poor
55. Did anyone help the Proletariat? Pair share the answers to your questions about Tiberius and Gaius
56. Gracchus Brothers Tiberius Gaius Pushed laws designed to weaken Senate Planned programs to deal w/unemployment Killed in “battle” outside of Rome Mob attacked him Spoke to landless farmers Proposed to limit size of large estates give extra land to the poor Sought to be re-elected as tribune (never done) On election day; clubbed to death & thrown into Tiber River
57. Army Leaders Marius Sulla Abolished the 6 month limit for a dictator Killed anyone he believed threatened his rule How does this affect the govt? Saved Rome from invasion Said weakness of Rome -lack of citizen-soldiers Allowed poor & landless to join Army Soldiers fought for any leader willing to reward them w/land & gold Who would these soldiers be loyal to?
58. To Do: Reformer Tombstones Work on Study Guide!!!
59. Bell Work To Tell The Truth: Julius Caesar We will read in class together I need volunteers Answer the questions when we are done reading.

60. Julius Caesar

    Chapter 6 Section 2 Pages 161-162
61. Objectives Describe the transition from the Republic to Empire Julius Caesar, 1st Triumvirate, 2nd Triumvirate, Augustus, PaxRomana Conclude why the Roman government changed from a republic to an empire
62. Caesar comes to power Julius Caesar was on Sulla’s “hit list” Caesar bribed soldiers to let him live Caesar = great politician Used Crassus’s money to buy influence
63. The First Triumvirate 1st Triumvirate Caesar (politics) Crassus (money) Pompey (general) Caesar elected consul serves 1 yr Appoints himself governor of Gaul
64. Do Read & complete the Worksheet: Marcus Cicero w/ a partner Read and annotate, than answer questions.
65. Governor of Gaul Conquered more of Gaul reported many victories back to Rome Treated troops roughly He shared in hardships Hiked 50 miles a day, small food Successes made him very popular How does this make his partners feel?
66. Civil War End of Civil War Caesar conquers Rome Pompey fled Defeats Pompey Greece, Asia, Spain, & Egypt Pharaoh takes Pompey in chops his head off & gives it to Caesar as gift Caesar returns to Rome Senate made him dictator Made himself dictator for life Crassus died, Caesar & Pompey become rivals Scared of Caesar’s popularity Senate (and Pompey) orders him back to Rome Caesar comes back to Rome But brings his troops 
67. Caesar’s Reforms Ruled as absolute ruler = total power Did this make him a bad/mean ruler? What did he do? Started many reforms Grants citizenship to people in Roman provinces Expanded Senate - 900 men Provides lands for the poor Created jobs freemen instead of slaves Created public works Establishes the Julian Calendar
68. Ides of March Concern about Caesar’s power Many afraid, Caesar wants to be king Brutus & Cassius Loyal to Pompey Plotted the assassination March 15, 44 BCE Caesar stabbed to death on Senate floor “Et tu, Brute” The conspirators believe they saved the Republic
69. To Do In class: YouTube - Gaius Julius Caesar's life We will watch this video twice. Please answer as many questions as you can the 1st time through and the rest the 2nd time we view the video. Homework: Cicero reading and questions
70. Bell Work Growth of the Roman Empire Use the map to answer the questions.

71. Octavian&

72. Objectives Describe the transition from Republic -Empire Julius Caesar, 1st Triumvirate, 2nd Triumvirate, Augustus, PaxRomana Conclude why the Roman government changed from a republic to an empire
73. Julius Caesar’s Death Who Killed Caesar? Brutus and other Senators Why did they kill Caesar? Scared he was becoming a dictator Save the republic Instead, they destroyed what was left of the Roman Republic
74. Second Triumvirate 2nd Triumvirate Octavian Caesar (adopted son) Marc Antony (friend) Lepidus (politician) Ruled to avenge Caesar List of Senators & people to be killed Brutus and Cassius Ends in jealousy and violence Just like the 1st
75. Civil War Octavian defeats Lepidus Antony and Octavian struggle for power Antony married Octavian's sister divorced her to marry Cleopatra Accused Antony of ruling Rome from Egypt Two forces clash in a naval battle Actium – Octavian wins
76. Octavian becomes ruler Octavian becomes sole ruler of Rome Like Ceasar did What happened to his father? Octavian only takes the title, “First Citizen” Senate gives him title of Augustus - Exalted One Exalted: noble or elevated Rome becomes an Empire ruled by one man
77. The reign of Augustus PaxRomana: Pax= the Latin word for peace For 200 yrs Romans brought peace & prosperity to the entire empire The empire was the size of America 60-80 million people
78. Improvements Trade Created the common coin – Denarius Built roads Public Building Built aqueducts Built great public buildings – used concrete Beautified Rome Civil Service Created a civil service program– public workers maintained the empire Postal, road repairs, fire, police, etc Created strong government that survived centuries
79. After the Death of Augustus Julian Emperors They were descendants of Julius Caesar Some intelligent & able vs. Some corrupt & incompetent Govtset up by Augustus was strong enough to survive them all Succession: always a crisis when emperor dies Selected by Senate? Favorite candidate from army? Should the guard impose its choice by force?
80. The Good Emperors Solution: Picked who they wanted to lead so they would continue after their death Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius 180 CE Aurelius dies & PaxRomanacollapses
81. To Do: Read the Rise of Christianity Fill out the section in your notes.
82. Make an Exit SlipBell Work We discussed how big & powerful the Roman Empire was. We talked about the size of their landmass who they conquered who they traded with what they got from other cultures their different types of leaders how the Roman government was set up and worked. “For all great empires must fall.” Predict different reasons as to why you think the Roman Empire would fall? List as many as you can. When I tell you, you may turn to a partner and combine lists.

83. The Fall of the Roman Empire

84. Objectives Identify problems that led to the decline and fall of Rome Revolts of the German Tribes weakened the Roman Empire, no organized path of succession Evaluate the solutions offered to solve Rome’s problems: Diocletian & Constantine
85. Two men hold on to the Empire Diocletian Constantine Gains control of West ½east? 1 single ruler concept Christians worship w/o persecution Moves capital - Byzantium Better for trade, defense, & religion Constantinople: new name YouTube - Ancient Rome The Rise And Fall Of An Empire 1 2x size of Army Set prices of everything Persecuted the Christians Divided the empire into two halves East: the Greek speaking side West: the Latin speaking side
86. DecayEconomic Military Trade during the PaxRomana? Lots of trade Lots of food Lots of war spoils Decay Trade is disrupted by raids and pirates Exports don’t get to other countries Agriculture suffered Bad harvests Inflation: increase in prices & taxes No more spoils from war How was Rome’s army before? Good, well trained soldiers Loyal to their general for land and citizenship Decay Attacks from northern European tribes Lack of money to pay for defense Soldiers were paid in gold - mercenaries Barbarians took less money than citizens Decline in patriotism, less loyalty among soldiers
87. DecayPolitical Social What was the government like before? Soldiers willing to die for the republic Great politicians acting in Rome’s interests Decay Political positions were a burden did not pay as much Roman people become indifferent Army becomes more involved in politics People blame the government for problems Civil war and unrest Before? Loyal to the Empire Highly patriotic Peace and prosperity Decay Decline of interest in public affairs Lost confidence in the empire Corruption, lack of patriotism Decline in population due to food shortage
88. Barbarians From 376 CE - 476 CE Rome invaded by Germanic tribes (northern European) The Germanic tribes were forced from their homes as the Huns invaded them They then invaded the WESTERN ½ of the Empire - destroy Rome. The Eastern half continues for 1000 yrs after the fall as the Byzantine Empire
89. Fall of the Roman Empire did not happen overnight, many consider its fall the beginning of the Middle Ages or Dark Ages.
90. To Do In Class: Reasons for the Fall of the Roman Empire- read and complete the web. Homework: Study for TEST!!!!
91. Disease led to its Fall "Realizing what a deadly disaster had come to them, the people quickly drove the Italians from their city. But the disease remained, and soon death was everywhere. Fathers abandoned their sick sons. Lawyers refused to come and make out wills for the dying. Friars and nuns were left to care for the sick, and monasteries and convents were soon deserted, as they were stricken, too. Bodies were left in empty houses, and there was no one to give them a Christian burial."
92. Bubonic plague “Black plague” It was called the black plague because of the dark spots found on its victims
93. Coffins were rare, most were buried in mass graves!
94. YouTube - Monty Python: Not Dead Yet
95. Why was Rome so affected by the Plague?