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Key Concepts for the 2011 Community Chemistry Final Exam Review

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javan
143 diapositives · 1.6K Views · Jul 11, 2014

This review covers essential topics for the 2011 Community Chemistry final exam, including lab safety procedures, the scientific method, metric measurements, density calculations, properties of ionic vs. molecular compounds, and the hydrologic cycle. Key components also include understanding the periodic table, naming ionic compounds, and distinguishing between polar and non-polar molecules. Familiarity with pH levels and the significance of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other safety standards in laboratory settings is essential. Prepare effectively with this comprehensive guide.

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  1. COMMUNITY CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2011.GUGS

  2. FINAL EXAM REVIEW TOPICS • LAB SAFETY • SCIENTIFIC METHOD • METRICS • DENSITY • WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE • ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE • NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS • PROPERTIES OF IONIC VS. MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS • SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY /POLAR VS. NON POLAR MOLECULES • pH 2011.GUGS

  3. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2011.GUGS

  4. LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipment List 3 types of safety apparel & explain why they are used: 2011.GUGS

  5. LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipment List 3 types of safety apparel & explain why they are used: • Goggles: protect eyes • Aprons: protect clothing • Gloves: protect hands 2011.GUGS

  6. LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipment List 3 safety RULES & explain why they are enforced: 2011.GUGS

  7. LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipment List 3 safety RULES & explain why they are enforced: possible answers • Tie back long hair: won’t catch fire. • Cover feet & legs: to protect from chemical splashing/spills & broken glass. • Know the procedure: to prevent unsafe errors. • Remove dangling jewelry: can get caught on things. • Dispose of chemical wastes as directed: some chemicals can be pollutants. 2011.GUGS

  8. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS What is the EPA & what is it’s purpose? 2011.GUGS

  9. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS What is the EPA & what is it’s purpose? EPA stands for Environmental Protection Agency. It is a U. S. government agency protects human health and the environment 2011.GUGS

  10. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS What is OSHA & what is it’s purpose? 2011.GUGS

  11. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS What is OSHA & what is it’s purpose? OSHA is the Occupational Health and Safety Administration. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and occupational fatality by issuing and enforcing standards for workplace safety and health. 2011.GUGS

  12. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT DO THE LETTERS MSDS MEAN? 2011.GUGS

  13. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT DO THE LETTERS MSDS MEAN? MSDS stands for material safety data sheet . 2011.GUGS

  14. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MSDS? 2011.GUGS

  15. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MSDS? Material safety data sheet (MSDS) is a form with data regarding the properties of a particular substance. An important component of handling or working with a substance in a safe manner. 2011.GUGS

  16. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT IS LD 50? 2011.GUGS

  17. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT IS LD 50? The LD50 is the dose that kills half (50%) of the animals tested (LD = "lethal dose"). The animals are usually rats or mice, although rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, and so on are sometimes used. 2011.GUGS

  18. LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS Using an actual MSDS, provide the following information: • Name of substance: _____________ • Chemical formula: _______________ • Boiling Point: ___________________ • LD-50: _________________________ 2011.GUGS

  19. Scientific Method List the steps in the Scientific Method: 2011.GUGS

  20. Scientific Method List the steps in the Scientific Method: • State the problem (with variables). • Form hypothesis. • Develop an experimental design that has a control. • Gather data (perform experiment). • Analyze data & FORM CONCLUSIONS. • Evaluate the validity of the experiment. 2011.GUGS

  21. Scientific Method WHAT IS THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL? 2011.GUGS

  22. Scientific Method WHAT IS THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL? A sample in which a factor whose effect is being estimated is absent or is held constant, in order to provide a comparison. 2011.GUGS

  23. Scientific Method COMPARE THE DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. 2011.GUGS

  24. Scientific Method COMPARE THE DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. The independent variable is the variable being manipulated/changed. The dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. 2011.GUGS

  25. Scientific Method Choose the arrow on the graduated cylinder to show where the volume reading should be correctly read. 2011.GUGS

  26. Scientific Method Choose the arrow on the graduated cylinder to show where the volume reading should be correctly read. *************** 2011.GUGS

  27. THE METRIC SYSTEM COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE. Measurement Metric Unit • Length • Mass • Volume • Time 2011.GUGS

  28. THE METRIC SYSTEM COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE. Measurement Metric Unit • Length M-meter • Mass g-gram • Volume L-liter • Time s-seconds 2011.GUGS

  29. THE METRIC SYSTEM COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE. Prefix Value (decimal/fraction) • Milli • Kilo • Deci • Centi 2011.GUGS

  30. THE METRIC SYSTEM COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE. Prefix Value (decimal/fraction) • Milli1/1000 or 0.001 • Kilo 1000 • Deci1/10 or 0.1 • Centi1/100 or 0.01 2011.GUGS

  31. DENSITY STATE THE FORMULA FOR DENSITY. 2011.GUGS

  32. DENSITY STATE THE FORMULA FOR DENSITY. Density is mass divided by volume: D = m/V 2011.GUGS

  33. DENSITY Calculate the density of an object that has a mass of 7.0 g and a volume of 3.5 mL. 2011.GUGS

  34. DENSITY Calculate the density of an object that has a mass of 7.0 g and a volume of 3.5 mL. D = m / V D = 7.0 g / 3.5 mL D = 2 g / mL 2011.GUGS

  35. DENSITY WHICH IS MORE DENSE THAN WATER? 2011.GUGS

  36. DENSITY WHICH IS MORE DENSE THAN WATER? Soda Can Sinks: MORE DENSE THAN WATER! 2011.GUGS

  37. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE There are approximately elements. 2011.GUGS

  38. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE There are approximately114 elements. 2011.GUGS

  39. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE The 3 major types of elements are: 2011.GUGS

  40. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE The 3 major types of elements are: Metal, nonmetals, & metalloids. 2011.GUGS

  41. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE List 3 properties of metals. 2011.GUGS

  42. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE List 3 properties of metals. • Ductile (can be made into wire) • Malleable (can be shaped) • Good heat & electricity conductors 2011.GUGS

  43. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE What does the number 35 represent? 2011.GUGS

  44. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE What does the number 35 represent? Atomic number 2011.GUGS

  45. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE What do the letters Br represent? 2011.GUGS

  46. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE What do the letters Br represent? The chemical symbol of the element. 2011.GUGS

  47. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE What does the number 79.90 represent? 2011.GUGS

  48. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE What does the number 79.90 represent? Atomic mass 2011.GUGS

  49. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE In the periodic table, families are arranged in ____________. 2011.GUGS

  50. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE In the periodic table, families are arranged in vertical columns. 2011.GUGS