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Holistic Approach to Management of Ocean Space

Holistic Approach to Management of Ocean Space. Hiroshi Terashima Executive Director Ocean Policy Research Foundation 3 November 2008 Global Forum Workshop on Governance of Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Singapore. UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.

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Holistic Approach to Management of Ocean Space

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  1. Holistic Approach to Management of Ocean Space Hiroshi Terashima Executive Director Ocean Policy Research Foundation 3 November 2008 Global Forum Workshop on Governance of Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Singapore

  2. UN Convention on the Law of the Sea • Preamble: Problems of ocean space need to be considered as a whole • Twelve mile territorial waters • The archipelagic regime • 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone • Continental Shelf system • “Area-common heritage of mankind” system • Protection and preservation of marine environment • Marine scientific research • Development and transfer of marine technology

  3. Agenda 21 and WSSD • United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the Rio Earth Summit, in 1992 • Adoption of “Sustainable Development” principles • Agenda 21, program of action for SD • Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 – a policy framework on Ocean Governance • 7 Programme Areas: Marine environmental protection/Sustainable use and conservation of marine living resources of the high seas, etc • World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 • WSSD Plan of Implementation

  4. New Initiative for Realizing Holistic Approach to Manage Ocean Space A New Management System on the Ocean Space to: • Secure a legal order on the oceans • Promote peaceful use • Conserve natural resources • Protect the environment Which covers both the EEZs of coastal states and MABNJ

  5. Conservation and Management of Living Resources in UNCLOS • Conservation of Living Resources (Part 7 High Seas) • Right to fish on the high seas(art.116) • Duties of States to adopt with respect to their nationals measures for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas(art.117) • Co-operation of States in the conservation and management of living resources(art.118) • Conservation of the living resources of the high seas(art.119)

  6. Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment in UNCLOS Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment (Part 12) • General obligation (art.192) • Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment (art. 194) • Use of technologies or introduction of alien or new species (art. 196) • ‘The measures taken in accordance with this part shall include those necessary to protect and preserve rare or fragile ecosystems as well as the habitat of depleted, threatened or endangered species and other forms of marine life.’ (Article 194 5.)

  7. Conservation of Marine Living Resources and Protection of the Environment and CBD • “In the case of processes and activities, regardless of where their effects occur, carried out under its jurisdiction or control, within the area of its national jurisdiction or beyond the limits of its jurisdiction.”(Article 4.b) 　　　　↓　　↓ 　 Discussion on: • Establishment of MPAs beyond areas of national jurisdiction or control • Conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources on the deep sea-bed beyond areas of national jurisdiction or control

  8. The Close Relations between Coastal States’ EEZs and MABNJ, andMarine Spatial Planning • Coastal states’ EEZs and the MABNJ are originally composed of ocean waters highly unifiedin physical, chemical, and biological properties, and so are closely related. • As an ecosystem-based approach for promoting ocean use management, Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) has lately received considerable attention.

  9. Marine Spatial Planning　（MSP) • MSP, in combination with other measures, contributes to the implementation of comprehensive management of ocean use. • The principal output of marine spatial planning is a comprehensive marine spatial plan for an area or ecosystem (a vision of the future), analogous to a comprehensive plan for a terrestrial area or ecosystem. • The comprehensive marine spatial plan is usually implemented through zoning map(s), regulations, and a permit system. Individual permit decisions can then be based on the zoning maps and the marine plan.

  10. Japan’s Management of its EEZ and MSP • Japan’s BasicAct on Ocean Policy enacted in April of 2007 • It is undertaking the development, use, and conservation of more than 400 million square kilometers of EEZ. • Japan’s Basic Act on Ocean Policy makes Comprehensive Ocean Governance its guiding principle and so believes ocean management for development, use, and conservation must be comprehensive and unified. • However, in the recently decided Basic Ocean Plan, the development and use of ocean resources, the conservation of the marine environment, and the securing of biological diversity in these waters are still being discussed as separate matters. There is a need for an approach such as MSP to be introduced and used to manage Japan’s EEZ and other waters.

  11. MSP and the Organizing of Ocean Information and Data • The promotion of comprehensive policies for ocean development, use, and conservation, must be based on sufficient scientific knowledge. • It is important to carry out the ocean research necessary for ocean management, and then to organize and share the resulting information and data with those involved both directly and indirectly in the management. • The wide range of necessary information and data includes that on ocean topography and geology, salt-water temperature, salinity, layers and movement, living and non-living resources, as well as on economic interests and other human activities. • A wide variety of research has been carried out on the ocean by many kinds of institutions, but it is still far from enough both in quantity and quality.

  12. The Need for a Marine Inventory of the MABNJ • Organization of ocean information and data is an issue of common concern for both the MABNJ and EEZs • Now is the time to work on creating Marine Inventories or Marine Cadastres using remote sensing, molecular techniques, modeling, quantitative analysis, and other of the newest technologies • As for an international framework and system for building these, there is a need for discussion among those involved in ocean affairs at state governments,international organizations and research institutes

  13. Thank you for your attention Hiroshi Terashima Executive Director Ocean Policy Research Foundation

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