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PROPERTIES OF WATER

Water is a remarkable substance with distinct properties stemming from its molecular structure and hydrogen bonding. Its polar molecules create a 105° angle, resulting in cohesion, which gives rise to surface tension. This phenomenon occurs as water molecules attract each other, minimizing surface area. Adhesion causes a meniscus in containers and drives capillary action, allowing water to climb walls. Water also forms hydrates with other substances, while the viscosity indicates the resistance a fluid offers to flow. Explore the scientific principles that make water essential for life.

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PROPERTIES OF WATER

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  1. PROPERTIES OF WATER

  2. Structure of Water • Shape 105o angle • Polar molecule – negative and positive pole

  3. Hydrogen Bonding • Hydrogen Bonds • Occurs with polar molecules • Between hydrogen and an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule (in this case: water)

  4. Surface Tension • Cohesion: another name for attractive forces of molecules to each other • each molecule of water is attracted in all directions (perhaps as many as four other water molecules) through hydrogen bonding • there is an inward force or pull which minimizes the surface area of any liquid. This causes surface tension

  5. Surface Tension • Adhesion: ability of water molecules to be attracted to solid surfaces

  6. Meniscus • is a curve in the surface of a liquid and is produced in response to the surface of the container or another object. • Surface Tension acts on concave menisci to pull the liquid up

  7. Capillary Action • Adhesion of water molecules to the sides of a glass capillary tube pulls the water molecules up the sides of the tube. • The cohesion of the water molecules to each other, pulls the rest along

  8. Hydrate • Compounds formed by the union of water with some other substance • Typically crystallized salts • Example: CuSO4 · 5H2O

  9. Anhydrous • A substance that is not in contact with water • Water has been removed When the water from MgSO4·7H2O is driven off it becomes MgSO4, an anhydrous compound.

  10. Viscosity • property of a fluid that offers resistance to flow • Something that is viscous has a cohesive (molecules attracted to each other) and sticky fluid consistency • Example: oil

  11. Surface Tension/Surfactant Demo

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