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Energy Resources Chapter 6

Energy Resources Chapter 6. Fossil Fuels Renewable Sources of Energy Nuclear Energy Energy Conservation. Fossil Fuels - Vocabulary. Combustion – The burning of a fuel. Fossil fuels – An energy-rich substance (such as coal, oil, or natural gas) formed form the remains of organisms.

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Energy Resources Chapter 6

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  1. Energy ResourcesChapter 6 Fossil Fuels Renewable Sources of Energy Nuclear Energy Energy Conservation

  2. Fossil Fuels - Vocabulary • Combustion – The burning of a fuel. • Fossil fuels – An energy-rich substance (such as coal, oil, or natural gas) formed form the remains of organisms. • Hydrocarbons – A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms. • Reserves – A known deposit of fuels. • Petroleum – Liquid fossil fuel; oil. • Refinery – A factory where crude oil is separated into fuels and other products. • Petrochemicals –Compound made from oil.

  3. Fossil Fuels – Main Ideas • A fuel is a substance that provides a form of energy as a result of a chemical change. • Energy can be converted from one form to another. • The three major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels release more energy when they are burned than most other substances do. • Because fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources.

  4. Fossil Fuels – Review • Explain how fuels provide energy. • Name the three major fossil fuels and briefly describe them. • Explain why fossil fuels are classified as nonrenewable resources. • List 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of natural gas as an energy source.

  5. Renewable Sources of Energy - Vocabulary • Solar energy – Energy from the sun. • Passive solar system – A method of converting solar energy into heat without pumps or fans. • Active solar system – A method of capturing the sun’s energy and distributing it using pumps and fans. • Hydroelectric power – Electricity produced using the energy of flowing water. • Biomass fuel – Fuel made from living things. • Gasohol – A mixture of gasoline and alcohol. • Geothermal energy – Heat from Earth’s interior.

  6. Renewable Sources of Energy – Main Ideas • Solar energy is plentiful and renewable, and does not cause pollution. However, a backup energy source is needed. • Because the sun causes winds and drives the water cycle, wind power and water power are considered indirect forms of solar energy. • Biomass fuels, geothermal energy, and hydrogen power are other renewable energy sources that are currently in limited use.

  7. Renewable Sources of Energy – Review Questions • What is solar energy? • How are the energy of wind and flowing water related to solar energy? • How are active and passive solar heating systems different? • List 3 examples of biomass fuel. • What limits the use of geothermal energy?

  8. Nucleus • Nucleus of an atom

  9. Nuclear Energy - Vocabulary • Nucleus – The central core of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons. • Nuclear fission – The splitting of an atom’s nucleus into smaller nuclei. • Reactor vessel – The part of a nuclear reactor where nuclear fission occurs. • Fuel rods – Uranium rod that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor.

  10. Nuclear Energy - Vocabulary • Control rods – Cadmium rod used in a nuclear reactor to absorb neutrons from fission. • Meltdown – A dangerous condition caused by overheating inside a nuclear reactor. • Nuclear fusion – The combining of 2 atomic nuclei into a single larger nucleus.

  11. Nuclear Energy – Main Ideas • Nuclear reactions include fission reactions and fusion reactions. • In a fission reaction, and atom’s nucleus is split into 2 smaller nuclei and two or more neutrons, releasing energy. • In a nuclear power plant, the thermal energy released form controlled fission reactions is used to generate electricity.

  12. Nuclear Energy – Review Questions • How can the energy released in a fission reaction be used to produce electricity? • Explain the purpose of control rods. • Give 2 reasons that people have not been able to use nuclear fusion as an energy resource.

  13. Energy Conservation - Vocabulary • Energy conservation – The practice of reducing energy use. • Efficiency – The percentage of energy that is used by a device to perform work. • Insulation – Building material that blocks heat transfer between the air inside and outside.

  14. Energy Conservation – Main Ideas • To avoid an energy shortage in the future, people must find new energy sources and conserve available fuels now. • Insulation keeps a building from losing heat to, or gaining heat from, the outside.

  15. Energy Conservation – Review Questions • What are 2 ways to make energy resources last longer? • Explain how putting insulation in a building conserves energy. • How does carpooling conserve energy?

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