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Explore the origins of the first Americans, the diverse cultures of North America, Mesoamerica, and South America, the ancient civilizations of Africa and Europe, and the transformative events in Europe from 1400-1600. Learn about agriculture, trade, the rise of nation-states, the Renaissance, the Reformation, Portuguese exploration, Christopher Columbus, and the impact of European contact.
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Chapter 1 Out of Old Worlds, New Worlds
The First Americans, to 1500 • Earliest North Americans • North American Cultures • Mesoamerican and South American Cultures
Old World Peoples in Africa and Europe, to 1500 • West African Cultures and Kingdoms • Traditional European Societies
Europe’s Internal Transformation, 1400–1600 • Agriculture and Commerce • The Nation-State and the Renaissance, 1400–1600 • The Reformation, 1517–1563
From Across the Seas, 1420–1600 • Portuguese Exploration and African Slavery • Christopher Columbus • The Spanish Century • The Effects of Contact