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Understanding Genetic Traits: Heredity and Dominance

Learn about how traits are passed from parents to offspring, the concept of dominant and recessive traits, and the difference between phenotype and genotype. Discover the genetic makeup of traits such as hair color, freckles, widows peak, and tongue rolling. Practice determining phenotypes and genotypes for various traits.

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Understanding Genetic Traits: Heredity and Dominance

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Bell Work 2/6 Get your comp book!

  2. Genetic Traits Chapter 4: Heredity

  3. After his experiments… Gregor Mendel calculated the ratios of dominant traits to recessive traits. (3:1)

  4. What did this tell him about how traits are passed from parents to offspring? Mendel knew there must be two sets of instructions for each characteristic. Instructions = Genes He said… • Each parent gives one set of genes to the offspring. Gene—a heredity subunit of DNA Allele—different forms of a gene

  5. What is a trait? Trait—a distinguishing characteristic of an organism

  6. Dominant vs. Recessive Traits Dominant = Capital Letter (B) Recessive = Lowercase Letter (b)

  7. Let’s Practice… What trait would be present? B= Brown hair b= Blonde hair Bb Brown

  8. Let’s Practice… What trait would be present? F= Freckles f= No freckles FF Freckles

  9. Let’s Practice… What trait would be present? W= Widows peak w= No widows peak Ww Widows peak

  10. Let’s Practice… What trait would be present? T= Tongue rolling t= No tongue rolling tt No tongue rolling

  11. Let’s Practice… What trait would be present? H= Curly hair h= Straight hair hh Straight hair

  12. Phenotype vs.Genotype

  13. Genes affect the traits of offspring. Phenotype—appearance Ex: red hair, brown eyes Genotype—genetic makeup Ex: Bb, bb, BB Both inherited alleles together form an organism’s genotype. (one from the mother and one from the father)

  14. What’s the phenotype? Genotype:Phenotype: BB Bb bb Brown Brown Blue Brown eyes = Dominant Blue eyes = Recessive

  15. Homozygous vs. Heterozygous A genotype with two dominant or two recessive alleles is homozygous. A genotype that has one dominant and one recessive allele is heterozygous.

  16. Heterozygous or Homozygous? AA Homozygous

  17. Heterozygous or Homozygous? Bb Heterozygous

  18. Heterozygous or Homozygous? Cc Heterozygous

  19. Heterozygous or Homozygous? DD Homozygous

  20. Heterozygous or Homozygous? Ee Heterozygous

  21. Heterozygous or Homozygous? ff Homozygous

  22. Determine the phenotype. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. PP Purple

  23. Determine the phenotype. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Pp Purple

  24. Determine the phenotype. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. pp White

  25. Determine the phenotype. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Bb Brown

  26. Determine the phenotype. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. BB Brown

  27. Determine the phenotype. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. bb Blue

  28. Write the genotype. Curly hair is dominant to straight hair. Curly HH or Hh

  29. Write the genotype. Curly hair is dominant to straight. Straight hair hh

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