2. 2 Manufacturing Systems

3. Objectives Describe how manufacturing has evolved. List the major components of a manufacturing system. Identify manufacturing inputs. Describe manufacturing processes. Identify manufacturing outputs.

4. Evolution of Manufacturing • Usufacturing • Manufacturing • Factories • Industrialized society • Mentafacturing

5. Manufacturing as a System

6. Major Components of the Manufacturing System Inputs Processes Outputs

7. Manufacturing Inputs Human labor Information Capital (machines and equipment) Energy Materials Finances

8. Form Utility (US Steel, American Iron and Steel Institute, White Consolidated Industries)

9. Manufacturing Processes New material form People Transformation technology Material processing technology Managerial technology 

10. Manufacturing Processes (Cont.)

11. Transformation Technology • Raw materials • Primary processing • Standard stock • Industrial materials • Secondary processing (Georgia Pacific Corp., California Redwood Assoc.)

12. Managerial Technology Design, build, operate, and manage systems Set goals Select courses of action Obtain and assign resources Monitor operations Evaluate outputs

13. Five Basic Areas of Activities Research and development Production Marketing Financial affairs Industrial relations

14. Desired Outputs

15. Undesired Outputs

16. Human Outputs Desired Undesired

17. Effects of Developments in Manufacturing Shapes the world Produces risks and benefits Requires assessment

18. Assessing Risks and Benefits Assessment of beliefs and values Alternate solutions: pro and con Rational decisions

19. Rational Decisions Discovering Exploring Developing Predicting

20. Review Question Define manufacturing. The process of changing resources into more useful products.

21. Review Question What is an industrialized society? One in which people use machines to manufacture large quantities of products from materials.

22. Review Question True or False? Mentafacturing, or “making for use,” is the earliest form of manufacturing. False

23. Review Question What are the three components of the manufacturing system? Inputs, processes, outputs.

24. Review Questions Human labor, capital, energy, materials and finances are examples of _____. A. outputs B. form utilities C. inputs D. processes C. inputs

25. Review Question Define transformation technology. The appropriate use of tools, machines, and systems to convert materials into products.

26. Review Question List the four areas of managerial technology. Research and development, marketing, financial affairs, industrial relations.

27. Review Question True or False? Pollution is an undesired process of the manufacturing system. False

28. Review Question The first step in transforming raw materials into products is _____ processing. A. resource B. standard C. usufacturing D. primary D. primary

29. Glossary • Factories • special buildings where people use machines to manufacture products. • Financial affairs • the area of managerial technology concerned with raising money and maintaining financial records. • Form utility • changing the form of a material to make it more useful.

30. Glossary • Industrialized society • one in which people use machines to manufacture large quantities of products from materials. • Industrial materials • materials ready for secondary processing into manufactured products. • Industrial relations • the area of managerial technology concerned with the human aspects of the manufacturing enterprise, such as personnel and labor relations.

31. Glossary • Managerial technology • the use of systems and procedures to ensure that transformation actions are efficient and appropriate. • Manufacturing • the process of changing resources into more useful products.

32. Glossary • Marketing • the area of managerial technology concerned with moving a product from the manufacturer to the customer by means of advertising and selling activities. • Material processing technology • another way of describing transformation technology. • Mentafacturing • products are first made in the mind. This has been called “making in the human mind.”

33. Glossary • Primary processing • the first step in transforming raw materials into products. Example: Converting trees into lumber at a sawmill. • Raw materials • natural resources found on or in the earth or seas. Manufacturing starts with raw materials. • Research and development • the area of managerial technology concerned with designing and specifying products.

34. Glossary • Secondary processing • manufacturing methods that change standard stock into finished products. • Standard stock • material output by primary processing operations, available in standard size units or standard formulations.

35. Glossary • Transformation technology • the appropriate use of tools, machines, and systems to convert materials into products. • Usufacturing • making products for personal use.