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Exploring UAV Technology: Trends, Regulations, and Future Scenarios in Aviation

This workshop, presented by Tony Fazio from the FAA and Yves Morier from the EASA, delves into Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and their growing significance in aviation. It covers UAV system definitions, technologies, operational scenarios, and the implications of integrating UAVs into normal airspace. Participants will engage in discussions on regulatory frameworks, safety considerations, and international cooperation essential for the advancement and acceptance of UAVs in both civil and military contexts, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to enhance aviation safety.

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Exploring UAV Technology: Trends, Regulations, and Future Scenarios in Aviation

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies:UAV Tony Fazio Federal Aviation Administration Yves Morier European Aviation Safety Agency

  2. Contents of the presentation • Description of UAV system: • Definitions • UAV: a complete new Aviation • Many initiatives worldwide • Scenarios: • Use with operational restrictions • Use into normal airspace/airports • Consequences • Aviation safety regulation • Relations between Authorities and Industry • International relations • Let’s launch the debate!

  3. Description of the UAV system • Definitions • UAV System • A UAV System comprises individual UAV System elements consisting of the flight vehicle (UAV), the “Control Station” and any other UAV System Elements necessary to enable flight, such as a “Communication link” and “Launch and Recovery Element”. There may be multiple UAVs, Control Stations, or Launch and Recovery Elements within a UAV System. • UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) • An aircraft which is designed to operate with no human pilot onboard.

  4. Description of the UAV system: • UAV: a complete new Aviation • Technologies: • Fixed-wing; rotorcraft, airships • Unusual configurations • Propulsion system: piston engine, turbine engine, electric propulsion. • Control systems: line of sight, autonomous • Size: • From micro-UAV (100 grams) to High Altitude Long Endurance UAV ( 10000 Kilograms) • Possible operations: • From crop-spraying to ‘surrogate satellites’ through fire-fighting operations • ‘long, dull and dangerous’ kind of use

  5. Description of the UAV system: • UAV: a complete new Aviation • Civil/military: • Many UAV were developed with dual use in mind • UAV designers/manufacturers: • Well established aircraft manufacturers but also small and medium enterprises! • Many State of Design

  6. Examples of Current Vehicles

  7. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • In the USA: • Flights under Certificate of Authorization • FAA Working Group • Access 5: File a flight plan and fly by 2008 • 3 Standardisation bodies: RTCA; SAE; ASTM • RTCA Special Committee 203 • Application for Experimental Airworthiness Certificate

  8. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • In Europe: European level • EUROCONTROL (Military UAV-OAT Task Force and new task-force for integration of civil and military UAV in the airspace) • EASA (A-NPA proposing a policy for TC basis) • JAA/EUROCONTROL (Concept of regulation) • EU Research programmes (e.g. USICO for airworthiness and operations requirements; UAV-Net)

  9. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • In Europe: • Member States: • Sweden (Total system approach), • France (Military Authorities: certification code based (USAR) on CS-23) • UK: CAP 722 • Standardisation bodies: EUROCAE is considering to set-up a working group. • Not only institutions: Industry efforts (UVS- International Industry Consultative Body)

  10. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • International: • NATO FINAS: two working groups to address UAV airworthiness and certification.

  11. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • Other countries: • Australia has adopted CASR (Civil Aviation Safety Regulations) Part 101 Unmanned aircraft and rocket operations.

  12. Scenarios (I) • Use with operational restrictions: • Limited development of UAV: • Operations in restricted airspace and over non-populated areas. • Possible reasons: • Lack of appropriate regulations • Lack of public acceptance • Insurance premiums • Increased security measures

  13. Scenarios (II) • Use into normal airspace/airports: • Full use of UAV systems potential not only limited to ‘aerial work’ but with the possibility of transporting cargo. • Context is likely to be an Integrated Air Ground Space System (Networked system) • Some pointers: • The objective of ACCESS 5 is to allow the use of UAV above Flight level 180 in 2008 • Several studies (Korean UAV roadmap, EU research programme USICO) envisage global market for High Altitude Long Endurance UAV after 2010 • ACARE research agenda envisage that in 2020 the technology for autonomous flight control systems for freighter operations will have reached a ‘medium’ level of maturity

  14. Scenarios (III) • Which scenario? • Scenario II is chosen as most likely • Why? • Reflect technological development • Technology exists • Means that it will be used • Other views: • Are welcome on the most likely scenario.

  15. Consequences • Aviation Safety Regulation • Need for a total system approach to address increasing complexity and number of interfaces: • Use of tailored manned aircraft codes complemented by Special Conditions is a first step. • Integration Air-ground • Multiple technologies; operations • Flexibility • Need for a full risk assessment of UAV operations: • Public and political acceptance • This should include security risks • Need for cooperation between Authorities, International organisations, Industry, Research Institutes and Academia

  16. Consequences • Relations between Authorities and Industry: • Increased use of regulations based on essential requirements and safety management systems: • See previous slide • In line with EU new and global approach • Increased use of standardisation bodies to develop appropriate standards: • Has already started today (See ASTM, SAE, RTCA, EUROCAE activities)

  17. Consequences • International relations: • Increased need for bilateral agreements: • Many countries are likely to design and produce UAV • Resolution of issues related to transfer of control during a flight: • Long range flights may lead to transfer from control station to control station • Chicago Convention: • Article 8 of the Convention may need to be re-discussed • Some ICAO annexes may need to be revised. • Other International Conventions such as Montreal 1999, Rome, Tokyo

  18. Let’s launch the debate • UAV has a lot of potential for Civil use • Aerial work for sure but may be Commercial Air Transportation… • Present situation could be compared to the one of Aviation in 1920-1930: • Military operations quite well established • Civil operations just starting • First long range flights performed • Oblige to think as an integrated Air-ground system : • New challenge to us all

  19. THANK YOU FOR YOUR • ATTENTION.

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