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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Introduction to Database Management. Welcome! . Database technology: crucial to the operation and management of modern organizations Major transformation in computing skills Significant time commitment Exciting journey ahead. Book Goals. First course in database management

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Database Management

  2. Welcome! • Database technology: crucial to the operation and management of modern organizations • Major transformation in computing skills • Significant time commitment • Exciting journey ahead

  3. Book Goals • First course in database management • Practical textbook • Fundamentals of relational databases • Data modeling and normalization • Database application development • Database administration and database processing environments • Detailed material

  4. Outline • Database characteristics • DBMS features • Architectures • Organizational roles

  5. Initial Vocabulary • Data: raw facts about things and events • Information: transformed data that has value for decision making • Essential to organize data for retrieval and maintenance

  6. Database Characteristics • Persistent • Inter-related • Shared

  7. University Database

  8. Water Utility Database

  9. Database Management System (DBMS) • Collection of components that support data acquisition, dissemination, storage, maintenance, retrieval, and formatting • Enterprise DBMSs • Desktop DBMSs • Embedded DBMSs • Major part of information technology infrastructure

  10. Database Definition • Define database before using • Tables and relationships • SQL CREATE TABLE statement • Graphical tools

  11. University Database

  12. University Database (ERD)

  13. Nonprocedural Access Loop • Query: request for data to answer a question • Indicate what parts of database to retrieve not the procedural details • Improve productivity and improve accessibility • SQL SELECT statement and graphical tools

  14. Graphical Tool for Nonprocedural Access

  15. Application Development • Form: formatted document for data entry and display • Report: formatted document for display • Use nonprocedural access to specify data requirements of forms and reports

  16. Sample Data Entry Form

  17. Sample Report

  18. Procedural Language Interface • Combine procedural language with nonprocedural access • Why • Batch processing • Customization and automation • Performance improvement

  19. Transaction Processing • Transaction: unit of work that should be reliably processed • Control simultaneous users • Recover from failures

  20. Database Technology Evolution

  21. DBMS Marketplace • Enterprise DBMS • Oracle: dominates in Unix; strong in Windows • SQL Server: strong in Windows • Informix: significant Unix marketshare • DB2: strong in mainframe environment • Desktop DBMS • Access: dominates • FoxPro, Paradox, Approach, FileMaker Pro

  22. Data Independence • Software maintenance is a large part (50%) of information system budgets • Reduce impact of changes by separating database description from applications • Change database definition with minimal effect on applications that use the database

  23. Three Schema Architecture

  24. Differences among Levels • External • FacultyAssignmentFormView: data required for the form in Slide 16 (Figure 1.9) • FacultyWorkLoadReportView: data required for the report in Slide 17 (Figure 1.10) • Conceptual: tables in Slide 11 • Internal • Files needed to store the tables • Extra files to improve performance

  25. Client-Server Architecture

  26. Organizational Roles

  27. Database Specialists • Database administrator (DBA) • More technical • DBMS specific skills • Data administrator • Less technical • Planning role

  28. Summary • Databases and database technology vital to modern organizations • Database technology supports daily operations and decision making • Nonprocedural access is a crucial feature • Many opportunities to work with databases

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