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Internal Structure of City

Internal Structure of City. Urban Land Use Pattern. Types of Land Use. There are different types of land use such as Commercial land use Residential land use Industrial land use Institutional land use Transportation land use Recreational land us e. Functional Segregation.

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Internal Structure of City

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  1. Internal Structure of City Urban Land Use Pattern

  2. Types of Land Use • There are different types of land use such as • Commercial land use • Residential land use • Industrial land use • Institutional land use • Transportation land use • Recreational land use

  3. Functional Segregation • Similar activities tend to aggregate together because of • Similar locational requirements and • External economies of scale • different types activities are separated from each other because • Different locational requirements • Different rent-paying ability • Conflicts amongst them

  4. Bid Rent Mechanism • Land rent decreases with increasing distance from city centre • competition for land and accessibility push up the land value/rent • different land use has different rent curve • because they have different demand for accessibility and space

  5. Commercial land use • needs large number of people to support their business • Greater market threshold • highest demand for accessibility • require less space • Can afford higher rent

  6. Residential land use • Accessibility is not important • require more space (especially high class residential area) • cannot afford high rent

  7. Industrial land use • Accessibility is not very important • require large area of space • cannot afford high unit rent • There is great difference between light and heavy industry

  8. commercial industrial residential Bid Rent Curve Rent ($/m2) City centre Distance (km)

  9. commercial industrial residential City centre Distance (km) Bid Rent Curve Rent ($/m2)

  10. Demand for Space • High order retailing business locates nearer to _______________ comparing with wholesaling business because it can afford higher rent and occupies ____________ space. • High class residential area locates ____________________ city centre so as to get more space. • Heavy industries locate in suburban because ____________________ is needed.

  11. C.B.D. Transition Zone Low class residential Middle class residential Commuter’s zone Concentric Model

  12. Industrial area can be found along the __________and __________because river railway

  13. Low class residential areas are located next to ___________and ___________________ because industrial area C.B.D.

  14. High class residential area can also be found next to _________ and _______________________ becauseIt is also be located away from __________________ because the Governor’s house sea shore industrial area

  15. Mutual Relationship between Different Types of Land Use • Some land uses are mutually exclusive • Some land uses are mutually support • This will lead to segregation and aggregation of land uses

  16. Impact of transport network Industrial area Middle class residential area Low class residential area High class residential area

  17. Multiple Nuclei Model

  18. Harris & Ullman Multiple nuclei Model Burgess Concentric Model Hoyt Sectoral Model

  19. Other Factors • Government planning • New town planning • Land use zoning • Urban renewal • Physical factors e.g. Relief • Historical factors • Behavioural factors

  20. heart • Central Business District(C.B.D.) is located at __________ of the city. • Since the C.B.D. is near to the docks and harbour, it is believed that the early function of the city was ____. • The rise of regional centres because port

  21. At some junction of arterial / major transport routes • Relatively high accessibility • Especially accessible to the local population • Reach the market threshold of some middle order goods / services

  22. Hierarchy of Business Centre • C.B.D. • Regional business centres • Community business centres

  23. Rent Rent Distance Distance regional function community function

  24. Rent Distance If the level of accessibility of the street junction deteriorates as a result of urban blight, how would the bid-rent curves and land use pattern be affected?

  25. Main road Higher accessibility Side street

  26. Mong Kok, Causeway Bay Shun Lee Shopping centre Shun On Shopping centre

  27. specialized functional commercial areas • External economies of scale / • Agglomeration benefits • Reputation • Similar requirements • Ancillary services • e.g. Golden Shopping Centre

  28. highway-oriented shopping ribbons

  29. Harris & Ullman Multiple nuclei Model Burgess Concentric Model Hoyt Sectoral Model

  30. Zone A Shipping Trading Fitness Zone B Floor Trading Trading Residential Solicitor Audit firm Residential Residential Residential Zone C Accountant Accountant Labour union Residential Residential Residential Doctor Dentist Travel agent Fast food Residential Residential Residential Airline Jewelry Boutique Supermarket Chinese Herb Residential Residential City centre Distance from city centre Vertical Zonation

  31. Central Business District • Mixed land use zone • Residential area • Zone A is • Zone B is • Zone C is

  32. Central Business District

  33. heart of city focus of major transport routes highest accessibility limited space keen competition of land use highest rent tall buildings modern buildings high order retailing business airline companies traffic congestion vertical zonation Central District Tsim Sha Tsui Characteristics of CBD

  34. Mixed land use • Urban decay • slum / poor living environment • lack of open space • traffic congestion • Pollution • hawkers • poor sanitation • high crime rate

  35. Mixed land use • Lower buildings • vertical zonation - commercial land use occupies the lower floors • residential land use occupies the upper floors • higher order shops are located at main streets; lower order shops are located at side-streets • factories and workshops are found in back street

  36. Urban Population Density Population Density City Centre Distance

  37. Population Density City Centre Distance Change of Population Density over time Urban expansion

  38. Comparison

  39. Western Vs Non-western Cities Suburbanization counter-urbanization Rural-urban migration influx of population Good transport network Poor tarnsportation development Good economic development Poor economic development Well-developed C.B.D. Limited high order business

  40. Urban sprawl, suburbanization, counter-urbanization Urban push Rural pull

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