History of Tourism

1. History of Tourism

2. Early Beginnings • 4000 BC – invention of money, trade • Sphinx in 2700 BC – Giza, Egypt-attracted people

3. 776 BC 1st Olympiad-start of sport tourism • 300 BC Roman Empire grows, roads, military, trade • 53,000 miles

4. Early beginnings – cont’d. • 400 AD – Dark Ages – Roman empire collapses • 600-1000 AD – Silk road from Xian and African Slave route begins

5. 1096 – 1270 AD – Crusades in Holy Land- religious journey

6. More Milestones • 1295 AD – Marco Polo writes on China • 1338- 1st passport • 1347 – 1351 – Plague in Europe – loss of life leads to feudal system collapse

7. 1500 – Renaissance – art, “Grand Tour”, age of “enlightenment”.

8. Last 500 years • 1700 – 1825 – Industrial Revolution, steam engines, rail, height of Grand Tour • 1841 – Thomas Cook – first travel agency • 1903 – Automobiles, Wright brothers

9. Early 1900’s = postcard craze “Wish you were here”

10. Last 100 years • 1914–1919 – WWI Technology – air travel • 1920’s – cottages in the Catskills, summer homes • 1930 – 39 Great Depression, travel declines • 1939-1945 WWII. Technology, nuclear age, Cold War. • Post WWII North America – Dawn of mass tourism. Tourism seen to rebuild Europe. Baby Boomers are born.

11. Last 100 years • 1940-1960 – factories, jobs, weekends off. • Money and time: middle class blossoms • 1944 – Largest road systems are built in US, turnpike - roadside motels, services. • 1950 – seaside seen as healthy, seaside resorts. Niagara Falls

12. Last 50 Years • 1957 – Space Age, 1st. Jet plane • 1950’s and 60’s. Cars, cars, cars in North America

13. 1960’s – package tours expansion in Mediterranean • 1960’s – Costa del Sol – 6 million visitors in 1960 to 30 million in 1975 • Sea, Sand, Sun and Sex. = Seashore exploitation

14. Last 50 years • 1967 – Expo in Canada, Montreal

15. 1969 – on the moon! • 1979 – Jumbo jets – mass tourism

16. 1980’s – mass tourism splinters, alternative forms of tourism (ecotourism, green tourism)

17. Last 50 years • 1980’s Turkey enters tourism market • 1986 - Expo in Vancouver • 1990’s – Information age, business travel • 2001 – World Trade Center attack • 2002-3 – Bombings in Bali, Jakarta • 2003 – War in Iraq

18. Future • People will continue to travel • Today, women make up the majority of tourists – especially in cultural sightseeing. • I.e. Office ladies from Japan

19. History of Camping • 1920’s – known as “motor-hoboes” • 1920’s Yosemite 65% visitors in private cars • 1922 Mac’s Auto Camp in Santa Cruz • 1930’s – trailers. By 1937, 100,000 trailers on the road • 1960-70’s – explosion of camping • 1980’s – close to 50 million campers in US • 1950 – 60’s – breakthrough in Europe

20. Advantages Employment Profits for hundreds of businesses Revives depressed areas Invisible export – source of foreign currency Disadvantages Inflation Replaces traditional work Impacts of TourismEconomic

21. Advantages Passport to peace thru understanding other people Cultural interpretation Preservation of culture Disadvantages Stereotyping of different nationalities Cultural Impacts

22. Advantages May help protect Create awareness and appreciation Sustainable development more important Disadvantages Pollution, noise, overuse Use of sensitive areas Environmental Impacts

23. Advantages Education Freedom from local constraints Disadvantages Increased crime Sex tourism Resentment due to gap Trinketization, demonstration effect, servile attitude Social Impacts

24. Questions?? The End