1 / 25

Transposon

Explore the world of transposons, also known as "jumping genes," that can relocate within DNA sequences, impacting gene expression and regulation. Learn about the mechanisms of transposition, including direct repeats and composite structures, and how transposons regulate metabolic pathways and operons. Delve into negative and positive gene regulation processes, such as the trp and lac operons, and understand the roles of transcription factors in gene expression. Discover practical applications like DNA testing and human gene therapy, as well as safety and ethical considerations related to genetic research.

jena-stevens
Télécharger la présentation

Transposon

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Transposon • “Jumping Genes” • DNA Sequence that moves from one location to another • Insertion Sequence • “retro” – made with transcriptase (like virsuses)

  2. Transposon • Direct repeats

  3. Composite • Adds extra genes between two insertions

  4. Regulation of Metabolic Pathway • Regulate genes • Regulates enzymes

  5. Operons • A unit of genetic material that functions in bacteria and phages • Clustered gene with one promoter • On/off switch

  6. Negative Gene Regulation • Repressible operons • Transcription is inhibited • Inducible operons • Transcription is stimulated

  7. The trp Operon • Corepressor – absent makes tryptophan

  8. Repressor • Corepressor – present stops tryptophan production • Corepressor – helper for repressor

  9. lac operon • Lactose absent / repressor active – operon off

  10. lac operon • Lactose present / repressor inactive – operon on • inducer

  11. Positive Gene Regulation • cAMP • Accumulates when glucose is scarce

  12. Chromatin

  13. Nucleosome • DNA and histone proteins together

  14. Repetitive DNA

  15. Gene Amplification • Not passed to children • Embryos – ribosome production • Cancer cells – drug resistance

  16. Questions??? • Gene loss?? • Gene rearrangement?? • Genome??

  17. Gene Expression

  18. Transcription Factors • A protein that binds to DNA and allows for RNA polymerase to attach and begin transcription • Enhancers – bends DNA to allow the factors to be closer to the promoter region

  19. RNA Splicing • Allows alternative mRNA molecules to be built – ex. exons will act as introns

  20. Recombinant DNA

  21. Proteasome • A giant protein complex that destroys proteins tagged for elimination by ubiquitin.

  22. DNA Testing • PCR • RFLP

  23. Practical Application • Diagnosis of Diseases • Human Gene Therapy • DNA Fingerprinting • Environmental Uses • Agricultural Uses

  24. Human Genome Project

  25. Safety and Ethical Questions • Pages 407-408 or 399

More Related